[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [Hindu Polity: A Constitutional History of India in Hindu Times](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924) › c20.13 # Hindu Polity: A Constitutional History of India in Hindu Times c20.13 Hindu Polity: A Constitutional History of India in Hindu Times c20.13 - **Language:** English ### [c20.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c20.13) \*Bhakti\* literally means 'sharing,' 'exclusion,' and secondarily 'attachment.' Separate rules to denote territorial and political \*bhakti\* over and above the rules to denote the country of origin or domicile of a man, suggest the idea of an artificial citizenship. By sharing Madra- or Vṛiji-\*bhakti\* one would be called \*Madrka\* or \*Vrijika\*. A Vṛijika therefore might not have been a born Vṛiji, and a Madraka, a born Madra. It has to be noticed that Kauṭilya, in mentioning the king-consul republics, uses the form Vṛijika and Madrka. The Jaina Sūtra also uses the forms Malla k\[i\] and Lechchhavi\[ka\]. The 'Vrijikas' included Vrijis and non-Vrijis owning a common Vriji allegiance, which might include people originally conquered by the Vrijis or people voluntarily amalgamated with the Vrijis. - [Previous: c20.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c20.12) - [Next: c20.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c20.14) - [Up: c20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c20) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c20.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c20.13) · Pramāṇa