[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [Hindu Polity: A Constitutional History of India in Hindu Times](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924) › c22.3 # Hindu Polity: A Constitutional History of India in Hindu Times c22.3 Hindu Polity: A Constitutional History of India in Hindu Times c22.3 - **Language:** English ### [c22.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c22.3) § 123. As the discussion is of great importance, I give below the text and translation of the entire passage.¹ Former translations are hopelessly confused, the reason being that gaṇas had ceased to exist long before the time of commentators, and their real significance was forgotten. - [Previous: c22.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c22.2) - [Next: c22.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c22.4) - [Up: c22](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c22) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c22.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c22.3) · Pramāṇa