[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [Hindu Polity: A Constitutional History of India in Hindu Times](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924) › c43.129 # Hindu Polity: A Constitutional History of India in Hindu Times c43.129 Hindu Polity: A Constitutional History of India in Hindu Times c43.129 - **Language:** English ### [c43.129](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c43.129) This list makes it clear that \*Senāpati\* here is not the military Commander-in-Chief but the Minister of War. The military leader was the \*Nāyaka\*. The Lord Chief Justice is called the Judge instead of the \*Prāḍvivāka\* of later times. The President of the Mantri-Parishad is the Pradhāna of the Śukranīti. He received an allowance from the Civil List (Artha-Śāstra, p. 245). Govindarāja commenting on the "the 18 Tīrthas," Rāmāyaṇa, II. 100. 36, quotes from an unnamed work on \*Nīti-śāstra\* and gives a few different designations in later terminology. In the place of \*Praśāstṛi\* which is obscure in the pages of the Artha-Śāstra, he gives \*Kārāgāra-adhikṛit\* which elucidates the former. It should be translated as Inspector General of Prisons (lit., 'Corrector of Convicts.').¹ Against the tīrthas nos. 8 and 9 of the Artha-Śāstra, Govinda-rāja gives \*Artha-sañchaya-kṛit\* or the Chancellor of the Exchequer. The \*Pradeśhṭṛi\* who in the Civil List (Artha-Śāstra, p. 245) does not occupy a place amongst the \*Amātyas\*, appears as \*Kārya-niyojaka\* in Govinda-rāja and is explained as the Despatcher or Director of Royal Orders (राजाज्ञायाः बहिः प्रचारकर्त्ता). Instead of \*Vyāvahārika\* Govinda-rāja has the younger term \*Prāḍvivāka\* \[the Pāli Canon knows only \*Vohārika\*\]. The \*Nāyaka\* who appears in the Artha-Śāstra as the Highest Military Commander is represented by \*Senā-nāyaka\* and the \*Paura\* by \*Nagarādhyaksha\*. The \*Mantri-Parishat-adhyaksha\* corresponds to \*Sabhya\* (whom Govindarāja incorrectly connects with the building Sabhā). Govindarāja's authority has a new officer \*Dharmādhyaksha\* who is, I think, identical with \*Paṇḍita amātya\* of the Śukra-nīti. The order in Govindarāja is slightly altered after no 8 of our Artha Śāstra list. - [Previous: c43.128](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c43.128) - [Next: c43.130](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c43.130) - [Up: c43](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c43) ## Cites (2) - [Kauṭilīya Arthaśāstra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.artha.kautilya) — Kauṭilya, Sanskrit - [Vālmīkirāmāyaṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.ramayana.valmiki) — Vālmīki, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c43.129](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c43.129) · Pramāṇa