[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [Hindu Polity: A Constitutional History of India in Hindu Times](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924) › c57 # Hindu Polity: A Constitutional History of India in Hindu Times c57: Index to Part I Hindu Polity: A Constitutional History of India in Hindu Times c57 - **Language:** English ### Index to Part I ### [c57.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.1) A ### [c57.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.2) | | PAGES | | PAGES | | \*Abhijana\* (place of origin) ... | 121 | Alliance \*Vide\* mitra labha ... | 142 | | Abhisāras ... | 64, 78 | Ambashṭhas ... | 73, 74, 75, 84 | | \*Abhisheka\* 51, 91, 100, 101, 137, | 186 | ⸺ = Abastanoi } ⸺ = Sambastai } | 73 | | \*Abhishikta\* (anointed rulers) ... | 180 | ⸺ their government democratic | 73, 74, 81 | | Abhisheka⸺ | | ⸺ elected their generals ... | 81 | | ⸺ Of the Lichchhavis ... | 101 | ⸺ listened to the advice of their elders, the latter did not constitute the government | 83 | | ⸺ Of the Whole country ... | 100 | Ambassadors of the Kshudraka Malava confederacy ... | 69 | | \*Achitta\* ... ... | 82\*n\* | ⸺ hundred in number ... | 69 | | \*Adhyakshaprachāra\* ... | 4\*n\* | ⸺ treated with uncommon hospitality ... ... | 70 | | Adrestai = Arishṭas of Pāṇini | 65 | ⸺ with full powers to conclude treaty ... | 27 | | Agga-Kulikā ... ... | 124 | ⸺ foremost citizens as⸺ | 72, 73 | | Agra Sreṇīs ... | 61, 145 | \*Amoghabhūti\* (of unfailing prosperity) ... ... | 82 | | Aikshvākas a branch of Śākyas | 187 | Amara ... ... | 31 | | \*Aiśvarya\* ... | 42, 102, 191 | \*Amṛita\* ... ... | 8 | | Ajāta-śatru ... | 54, 176, 177, 187 | Anuvinda ... ... | 96 | | Ajita ... ... | 104 | Andhaka Vṛishṇi 39, 40, 41, 42, 59, 90, 99, 138, 191, 192, 194, | 197 | | Arodas ... ... | 59\*n\* | Andhras⸺conquered by Bindusāra but allowed self-government under some Samgha constitution ... | 146 | | Ajmer ⸺ ... | 152 | | | | \*Akanūphis\*⸺the president of the aristocratic government of Nysa ... | 148 | | | | Akrūra 41, 176, 191, 192, 193, | 195 | | | | Alexander 33, 34, 61, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 84, 138 142, 144, | 175 | | | | Alexander's invasion⸺ | | | | | ⸺ rise of large monarchies ... | 57 | | | | Alberuni ... ... | 210\*n\* | | | ### [c57.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.3) | | PAGES | | PAGES | | Andhras-presumption for their being a non-monarchial state | 147 | Aristotle ... ... | 88 | | Anga ... ... | 33n | Arjuna ... ... | 121 | | Aṅka (mark) ... ... | 42,43 | Artha | 5,6,116,127 | | \*Anumati-kappa\* (procedure of indemnity) ... | 113 | Asahāya (commentator on Nārada) ... | 85 | | \*Anauttarāddharya\* ... | 44 | Ascetics as spies | 99,100 | | Antiochus ... ... | 141 | Ashṭa-kulaka ... ... | 58 | | \*Antas\* (neighbouring states) ... | 143 | Aśoka | 141,142,144,146,147 | | Anus ... ... | 11 | Assembly | 27,30,31,41,50,114,124 | | \*Apāchyas\* (governed by equals) | 91 | Assembly of the Capital ... | 3 | | \*Aparāntas\* | 142,143,144 | Association ... ... | 30 | | Appeal (judicial) ... | 123 | Aṭṭhakulaka—Arthakulaka ... | 185 | | Arājaka or non-ruler state | 41, 97,98,100,134 | \*Aṭṭha-Kathā\*—criminal procedure ... ... | 53 | | —extreme democracy Tolstoïan in ideal ... ... | 97 | Audumbara coins ... | 161 | | —its legal and communal basis | 134 | Audumbaras ... | 159,160,161 | | —had probably a written theory of state ... | 172 | Act of indemnity reduced to writing ... ... | 114 | | —regarded government as an evil ... | 173 | Ābhīras ... ... | 159n. | | —their theory of social contract borrowed by monarchists ... | 173 | Āddua ... ... | 120 | | —could be easily conquered ... | 173 | Āditya ... ... | 4 | | —their life coextensive only with the state ... ... | 173 | Āhuka ... | 176,191,192,195 | | Arajjas ... ... | 59,78 | Ājīvakas ... ... | 33 | | \*Arhants\* ... ... | 46 | Ānanda ... ... | 45,46,47,50 | | \*Ardhabhoktā\* ... | 42 | Āpiśali ... ... | 70,71 | | Aristocracy—(character of its government) ... | 67 | Ārjunāyana ... | 134, 145,158 | | Aristocratic constitution— | | Ārjunāyanas ... | 40, 57,73,132 | | Hindu terms for it— ... | 85 | ——A younger political community founded about the Sunga times—the characteristics of their coins : | 154,159, 160, 188 | | Aristocratic-democracy : states where executive power held by a few hereditary families but subject to a Gaṇa | 84,128,130 | Āryas ... ... | 11 | | | | Army—regular and hired ... | 60 | | | | \*Āsanapaññāpaka\* (seat-regulator) ... | 104 | | | | \*Āyudhajīvī\* | 34,35,36,37,38,58 | | | | Andhaka | 134,192,195 | ### [c57.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.4) | | PAGES | | PAGES | | Andhras | 143,146 | Black beauty (Śūdra woman described as) | 183 | | \*Agvinaẹ\* = Agra Śreṇīs | 61,72,78,145 | Bloomfield | 17\*n\* | | # B | | Board of eight Kulikas—investigating into criminal cases subject to the superior jurisdiction of the heads of the Gaṇa | 123 | | Bahawalpur | 157 | Book of legal precedents—among the Lichchhavis | 124 | | \*Bahutara\*—(greater number) | 109 | —meaning, of— | 121, 122, 125 | | \*Bala\* (army) | 126 | Brachmanoi—Brāhmaṇako nāma Janapadaḥ | 76 | | Bāṇa | 1 65\*n\* | Brahmagupta | 35 | | Ballot-voting | 27,109,114,134 | \*Brāhmaṇa\* | 31,36 | | Beas (\*Gr\*. Hupanis) | 66,67\*n\* | \*Brahmanya Deva\* (Kārttikeya or the God of war) | 150 | | Bhabru—one of the elected presidents of the Andhaka Vṛishṇi | 191,193,195 | Brahmin Empire | 61 | | \*Bhakti\* (constitutional allegiance) | 120 | Boddha | 55,87,114,115,116,188,179, 193,194,195,197 | | Bhandāgārika | 51 | # C | | | Bhandarkar, Ramkrishna Gopal | 34 | Cabinet | 51,53,83,84 | | \*Bharga\* | 39 | Capitulation of the city | 108 | | Bharhut sculptures | 179,181 | Caste | 35 | | Bhatinda | 152 | \*Chaitraka\* | 41 | | \*Bhaujya\* | 39 | \*Chaityas\* | 46 | | \*Bhaujya\* constitution | 89,90, 133 | Chancellor | 45,46 | | —surviving in modern Bhuj (Kathiawad) | 91,100 | Chancellor of the Exchequer | 51 | | \*Bhāva—Gaṇa\* | 32 | Chandrgupta Maurya | 141,146 | | \*Bhaga\* | 126,127 | \*Chāra\* | 126,127 | | \*Bheda\* | 126,127,128 | \*Charanas\* | 20,132 | | \*Bhikkhus\* | 47,87,105,106,108, 109,110 | \*Charanas\* (Vedic) | 132 | | Bhikshu—Samgha | 46 | \*Chhandaka\* vide Referendum | 115 | | \*Bhīsma\* | 191,194 | Chikkali-Nikāya | 44 | | Bhoja | 90 | Chumbi Valley | 179 | | Bhojakas | 90,95,134,142 | Citizen—his liberty jealously guarded | 52 | | \*Bhojapitaram\*—(hereditary \*Bhoja\*) = \*Ratthika\* or \*Rāshtrika\* | 89,90,96 | | | | \*Bhojas\* | 39,40,60,95,144,144, | | | | —inferior | 61 | | | ### [c57.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.5) | | PAGES | | PAGES | | Citizens (inner and outer) | ... 51 | Council of Final Appeal | ... 53 | | Citizenship | ... 119,170 | Council of Ministers | ... 3,80 | | City republics on the Indus | ... 157 | Council of Regency | 99 | | City-states—mentioned as republics by Arrian | 66,84,116 | Councils—Equal right of speech and voting | ... 52 | | Clerks of the House (Lord clerks)—taking minutes of resolutions and deliberations | ... 113 | Country artificial) | ... 182 | | | | Court of Appeal | ... 35 | | | | Court of the Eight | ... 53 | | —called \*Mahárájas\* | ... 113 | Court of Justice | ... 53 | | Chhada \*vide\* Vote | ... 108 | Criminal justice | ... 130 | | Chanda, Ramaprasad | ... 81\*n\* | Criminal procedure (of the Lichchhavis) ... | 184,185 | | Chandra gupta (Maurya) | 141,146 | —wrong comparision between the Tibetan and the Lichchhavis instituted and the so called resemblance between the two refuted | 184,185,186 | | Congress-hall | ... 50 | | | | Congress of Rájagriha | ... 106 | | | | Congress of Vesáli | ... 104\*n\* | | | | Coins | 38,40,42,45,57,62, 65,67,68 | | | | | | Criminal procedure (Tibetan)—Its stages described | ... 185 | | Common policy of State | ... 12 | | | | Common samiti | ... 21 | Confederacies (of the Gaṇas) | 126,128,129,130 | | Communal-house of Law | ... 50 | Criminal procedure | ... 53 | | Community—Welfare. (Seven conditions of) | ... 46,47 | Cunningham | ... 40\*n\*, 62\*n etseq\* | | Constitution | ... 37 | | | | —Bhaujya | ... 90 | | | | —Pettanikas | ... 95 | ## D | | | —Gaṇarájya | ... 99 | \*Dalai lama\* | ... 189 | | —Dvairájya | ... 96 | \*Daṇḍa\* | ... 127 | | —Ráshtrika | ... 95, 96 | \*Daṇḍí\* | ... 6 | | —Svárájya | ... 91 | \*Dáṇḍaki\* | ... 35 | | —Vairájya | ... 92 | \*Daṇḍa-Níti\* | ... 5 | | —Viruddha-rajjáni | ... 99 | \*Dána\* | ... 126 | | —Yauvarájya | ... 99 | \*Dámani\* | ... 35 | | Constitutional Allegiance \*vide Bhakti\* | ... 120 | Datárṇas | 40, 155 | | | | Dása-Bhodha | 8 | | Constitution (change of) | ... 132 | Degraded castes—Under Hindu rulers | ... ... 148 | | Coronation | ... 34 | Deliberations | ... 12,80 | | Corporation | 28,30,34 | | | | Council of Elders | 77,82,83 | | | ### [c57.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.6) | | PAGES | | PAGES | | Delegation committee (\*ubbahikā\*) | 110,111,118 | Elected King—among the Kathas | 81 | | composition of— | 112 | —among the Patalas | 82 | | Democracy—of (i) the Ambasthas, (ii) the Kshudrakas and Mālavas | 81 | —among the Kunindas | 82 | | | | Empire: Gupta | 59 | | (iii) of Patala ... | 82 | Empire: Maurya | 59 | | (iv) of the Punjab | 84 | Empire: Saisunāka | 59 | | (v) \*Uttara-Kurus\* | 92 | Envoy | 52 | | (vi) Uttara-Madras | 92 | Era of Prowess, (Vikrama Era) | 152 | | \*Dhamma\* | 106,112,116 | | | | \*Dharma\* (Law) | 7 | Equality by Kula and | | | \*Dharma-chakra\*—a religious empire as opposed to a city state of Dharma | 116 | —by birth, universal | 130 | | | | Espionage | 129 | | | | Exchequer | 129 | | Dharma-sūtras | 21 | Executive authority—delegated to a second chamber ... | 83 | | Diodorus | 66,81,84 | | | | Disunion (\*bheda\*) | 128 | Executive Council | 40,53,88 | | Disunion—methods of creating | 141 | Executive power | 41 | | | | Exposure of dead bodies (among the Lichchhavis)— | 181 | | Division (constitutional sense) | 109 | | | | Doctors of Law | 53 | —theory of Tibetian origin based upon its existence among the Lichchhavis criticised | 183,184 | | \*Dorājjāni\* | 26 | | | | Double Chamber Constitution | 44 | | | | Dual groups | 41, 42 | | | | Dual sovereignty—in Avanti | 96 | ## F | | | —in Nepal | 96,97 | | | | Dvairājya (rule of two) | 96, 97, 99 | Federal Council | 42,53,54 | | | | Federal states—equal votes | 54 | | ## E | | Fleet Dr. | 20 | | | | Foreign policy | 30 | | Ekarāja (monarch) | 141,84 | Franchise | 81 | | Elders | 18,19,83 | —in the Aristocratic republics vested in the family | 119 | | Elders (of \*Kulas\*) | 130 | | | | Elected general among the Ambasthas | 81 | —in the democracies | 119 | | | | —in the individual | 120 | | —among the Lichchhavis | 82 | extended to outsiders | 121 | | Elected rulers | 42,43 | Free right of discussion | 18 | ### [c57.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.7) G ### [c57.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.8) | | PAGES | | PAGES | | Gada—(A leader of the Vrishṇis, brother of Kṛishṇa) | 120, 102, 104 | Gaṇas, when conquered by monarchs legal decision made subject to the appellate jurisdiction of the monarch or the royal chief justice, 124, their character | 125—130 | | \*Gāmagámagika\* (president of the township) ... | 110 | Gaṇī ... | ... 28, 29 | | Gaṇa—refers to the whole body politic and in the alternative to Parliament ... | ... 125 | Gāndhāras ... | 60, 142, 144, 145 | | —defects of their constitution | 126 | —have a \*mukhya\* instead of a king ... ... | 145 | | —executive body consisted of the chief and president ... | 125 | —their country famous for wood ... ... | 145 | | \*Gaṇa-bandhana\* ... | 30 | —classed with Vasātis and Sibis ... ... | 145, 175 | | Gaṇa Court | 123, 124 | Gaura-Śiras ... | ... 4 | | \*Gaṇa\* | 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 40, 42, 50, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, 91, 96, 99, 104, 114, 119, 122, 123, 126, 128, 129, 130, 131, 158, 171, 179, 181 | Gautamīputra ... | ... 152 | | | | Generalissimo (Senāpati) | 51, 52 | | | | Glauchukāyana = Glauchukāyanakas | 120 | | —definition of ... | 31 | \*Godāsa\* (gaṇa) ... | 131 | | Gaṇamukhyas (the chief of the Gaṇas) ... | — | Gotamīputra Sātakarṇi Sātavahana | 61 | | \*Gaṇa-mukhya\* ... | ... 127 | \*Gotra\* (race) ... | 122, 130, 132, 133, | | \*Gaṇapūraka\* (assembly whip) | 27, 107 | —ethnic and political | 134, 187 | | Gaṇa Rājás ... | ... 54 | \*Gotrāhaka\* ... | ... 43 | | \*Gaṇa rājás\* ... | ... 51 | Government (abstract) | 28, 132 | | \*Gaṇa rājya\* (Government by parliament) | 26, 27 | Grāma ... | 14 | | \*Gaṇa-ráyáṇi\* ... | ... 26 | Grāmaṇī | 14, 15, 132 | | \*Gaṇarthaṃ\* | 31 | Grīmaṇīkaḥ (town rulers) | ... 157n | | Gaṇas (religious) | 86, 131 | Great Ṛishis, | 6 | | Gaṇa-state ... | ... 119 | Greek letters ... | ... 33 | | Gaṇas governing body of the— | | Grierson ... | 212n, 214 | | —its functions (i) Conduct the affairs of the community, 125 (ii) held meetings and discussed Resolutions (iii) 125, saw to the administration of justice | 125 | Grünwedel (Prof.) | 182, 182n | | | | his opinions on the foreign types in Bharhut and Sāñchī sculptures quoted ... | 182 | | | | Guild | 41 | | | | \*Guhkakaṃ\* (Secret method) ... | 100 | ### [c57.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.9) | | PAGES | | PAGES | | \*Gaṇāṅka\* ... | 43 | Imperial Code of Governance... | 4 | | Guru Govinda Sinha ... | 8 | Imperialism (federal) ... | 187 | | Gyal-tshab (Regent of Tibet) | 185\*n.\* | Imperial Systems | 3 | | | | Incomplete congregation—cannot transact official acts ... | 107 | | # H | | Indian guild and caste associations ... ... | 129 | | Haihaya (royal dynasty) ... | 145 | —equality in ... ... | 129, 130 | | \*Harivaṃśa\* ... ... | 87 | \*Indrapūraka\* (kula) ... | 131 | | \*Harsha\* ... ... | 165 | Inhabitants (Vasantānaṃ) ... | 51 | | \*Hastyāṅka\* ... | 43 | Inscription: Kharvela | 90, 95, 99 | | Heraldic mark ... | 42 | Inscription: Rudradāman ... | 61 | | Hereditary leadership ... | 95, 96 | Inscriptions: Aśoka | 60, 89, 95, 96, 100 | | Hereditary Kings ... | 85 | Inscriptions: Gupta | 92, 95 | | High Court ... ... | 53 | Intelligence (department) ... | 129 | | Hindu Constitutions—technical terms for various classes of constitutions ... | 89 | Internal danger (in gaṇas) ... | 130 | | Hindu Constitutional traditions: decay and revival ... | 3 | Interregnum ... ... | 99 | | Hindu Kingship .. ... | 25 | Inviolability ... ... | 18 | | Hindu Law books ... | 24 | \*Iśāna\* ... ... | 14 | | Hoernle (Dr.) ... | 40\*n\*, 131 | \*Iśvara\*—(ruler—a technical term) — | — 197\*n.\* | | Hindu Lawyers ... ... | 6, 7 | | | | Hindu Politics ... ... | 4, 6, 7 | # J | | | Hindu Republic—Ancient terms ... | 26 | Jaina Sūtras on forms of government — | 99, 121 | | Hindu republics—a retrospect | 137-138 | Jaipur State — | — 152 | | Hindu Republics | 3, 25, 28, 33, 35, 81 | \*Jaishṭhya\* (eldership) ... | 91 | | —Procedure of deliberation ... | 103 | \*Jamti\* (Mild and minute interrogation in the Tibetan Judicial procedure) — | — 185\*n\* | | Hoshyarpur — | — 151 | Janamejaya ... ... | 137 | | House of Law ... | ... 52, 85 | \*Janapada\* ... ... | 49 | | Huna invasion — | — 165 | \*Janapada\* (mahārāja) ... | 135 | | Hyphasis ... ... | 66 | \*Janapada\* (Rājanya) ... | 134 | | # I | | \*Janus\* ... ... | 11\*n\* | | Ikshvāku—(Kshattriya dynasty) | 188 | Jauhar ... ... | 73 | | Ikshvākus ... ... | 100 | | | ### [c57.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.10) | | PAGES | | PAGES | | Jālamáni ... | 35 | \*Kapisthalas\* ... ... | 160 | | Jayaráma ... | 10\*n\*, 19\*n\* | Karaka-desiyas ... ... | 135 | | Jánaki | 35 | Karaka-Játiyas ... ... | 135 | | Jānapada 1, | 34, 36, 41, 92, 120, 121 | Karkota Nágar ... ... | 152 | | | | Karmardhi (founder of a kula) | 131 | | Játi (birth not caste) ... | 119 | Karpatas ... ... | 156 | | —(a secondary character) ... | 135 | Kashmīras ... ... | 155 | | Johiyá Rajputs—(Vide Yaudheya) ... | 151 | Katha 120, | 134,108,160,188 | | | | Katha-desiyas ... ... | 135 | | Joint federal constitution ... | 41 | Katha-Jatiyas ... ... | 135 | | Jolly ... | 30,65,203\*et seq\* | Katha philosopher ... | 82,88 | | Judicial administration ... | 123 | Kathians ... ... | 64 | | Judicial Assembly ... | 3 | —Kathas | | | Judicial business—elaborate records kept ... ... | 114 | ——one of the most powerful 'nations' of India ... | 4,65 | | Judicial minister... ... | 52 | ——their capital \*Sankala\*. | | | Judiciary ... | 3 | ——their social customs ... | 66 | | Jury | 53, 110 | ——their law for destruction of weaklings among children | 66,81 | | —(ubbahiká)-udváhik \*vide\* delegation committee | 110, 111 | ——election of their 'King'... | 81 | | Jury (sabhá) odd number enjoined ... ... | 110 | Kaundaparatha ... ... | 35 | | | | Kákas ... ... | 156 | | —of neighbours deciding land dispute ... | 110 | Kálidása—and the Utsava-Saṅketas ... ... | 156 | | —Decision of honest majority to prevail in case of division | 110 | Kámandaka | | | | | \*Kámadhenu\* ... ... | 7 | | | | Kási-Kosala ... ... | 54 | | \*\*K\*\* | | Kahada (founder of a family) | 145 | | \*Kalaha\* (disputation) ... | 87 | Kakutstha (founder of a family) ... | 145 | | \*Kalki\* ... | 167 | | | | \*Kalpataru\* ... | 7 | Kámbojas—Identified with the people on the Kabul river (modern Kaboh). | 142,147 | | \*Kalons\* (Ministers' Court in Tibet) ... | 185,186\*n\* | | | | \*Kammaváchá\* \[placing the resolution text before the assembly\] ... | 107,108 | \*Kanaktaki\* ... ... | 35 | | | | \*Kantambi\* ... ... | 39,48 | | | | \*Káya\* ... ... | 44 | | Kambhojas—inferior Bhojas | 60,61,62,142 | Kekayas ... ... | 155 | | | | Kerala (called Ugra) ... | 100 | ### [c57.11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.11) | | PAGES | | PAGES | | Keralaputo ... | 100 | Kshudhrakas mentioned by | | | Kharaparas = Kharaparikas ... | 156n | Patañjali but afterwards never | | | — probably Karpaṭas of Mahā- | | mentioned, probably fully | | | Bhārata ... | 156 | amalgamated with the Mālavas | | | Khattris ... | 59 | during their migration | 152, | | Khattris — of Sindh ... | 62 | | 155,170,174 | | —— of the Panjab ... | 62 | \*Kula\* (elders) | 53,85,89,123,126, | | Khāravela ... | 142 | | 127,128 | | King-consul ... | 81,89,95 | \*Kula\* (family) — as the basis of | | | Kings — ... | 11 | franchise ... | 119,120 | | — election disputed in a fable | | \*Kula\* (in the sense of a court) | — | | on grounds of unpleasant | | — presided over by \*Kulakas\* | 122,124 | | presence ... | 116 | \*Kula\* (states) ... | 86,119 | | — two hereditary ... | 124 | \*Kulaputta\* (cadet of a family) | | | Kongdus (joint heads of local | | careers open to ... | 89,119 | | administration of the two | | \*Kula\* of \*Rājās\* ... | 85 | | divisions in the Chumbi | | \*Kulaka\* ... | 58 | | Valley) ... | 180 | \*Kula-saṅgha\* ... | 85,128 | | Kosalas | 38,39,48,49,54,103 | —— Elders ... | 130 | | Kṛishṇa — elected president of | | \*Kulas\*, religious ... | 86 | | the Andhaka-Vrishṇi, states | | \*Kulina\* (aristocrats) ... | 123 | | his difficulties in conducting | | Kukuras | 57,59,155157,194,197 | | the federal council | 42,87,120 | Kuṇindas = Kaulindas = Kauṇ- | | | | 169,176 \*pp\*, 191,197 | inda = Kalindrine — their | | | Kṛishṇāyana ... | 116 | coins are struck in the name | | | \*Kṛita\* ... | 152 | of the King and the political | | | \*Kshattriyas\* | 34,60 61,74,100,122 | community ... | 82 | | Kshudraka-Mālavas | | Kurus | 11,57,58,59,131,137 | | —— their league outlived the | | Kushaṇ coins ... | 45 | | Maurya Empire ... | 71 | | | | —— had no king | 100,150 | | | | —— sent citizens to negotiate | | # L | | | peace ... | 81 | | | | —— elected a general ... | 81 | Lachehu — (a corruption of | | | —— their handsome looks | 87, | Lakshmaṇa in Bihar and Doab) | 187 | | | 183,134,138 | \*Lakshaṇa\* ... | 42 | | Kshudhrakas | 34,35,37,38,60, | \*Lakshaṇa-Adhyaksha\* ... | 42 | | | 68,69,70,71,72,75,81,84,86,142 | \*Lakshmaṇa\* ... | 187 | | | | Lakshmīdhara ... | 7 | ### [c57.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.12) | | PAGES | | PAGES | | \*Lāñchhana\* ... | 42, 43, 44 | Magistrates of self governed cities | 63 | | Laws for Kings ... | ... 7 | —pronouncing final orders \*re\* weaklings among the children of Kaṭha tribe | 66 | | Laws of republics | ... 123 | | | | Lawyer-Judges ... | 58 | Mahābhoja ... | 90, 107 | | Leaders of \*gaṇas\* | 129, 130 | Mahá-Kassapa ... | ... 106 | | Lechchakis ... | 54 | \*Mahārāja\* ... | ... 39 | | Legal procedures | ... 129 | Mahārāja-Janapada ... | 159 | | (vyavahāra) | | —republican, of the democratic type ... | 159 | | Legislation ... | 134 | | | | Lévi, Sylvain ... | 38, 48n 59 | —their Śaiva coins | 159 | | Lechchhavika—owning allegiances to the Lechchhavi constitution ... | 121 | Mahárájá (title of the recorders of the House ... | 113, 114, 120, 121 | | Lichchhavis 45, 48, 50, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 68, 82, 85, 114, 124 | | \*Mahattaka\* (distinguished members) ... | ... 52 | | —their handsome looks 87, 96, 163, 165, 170, 171, 174, 175, 176, 179, 183, 184, 185 | | Mahávīra ... | 179, 54 | | | | Makkhalis ... | ... 33 | | —a ramification of the Videhas | 185 | Mālava-gaṇa | 29 | | —the derivation of the word from Sanskrit root discussed | 186 | \*Mālavah\* 134, 35, 37, 38, 60, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 75, 77, 81, 84, 154, 155, 170, 174 | | | Life of Appollonius of Tyana | 86 | Malavaka ... | ... 175 | | Lord Clerks—(recorders of the House) ... | 113, 114 | Mālavas—their modern descendants | 34, 57, 87, 151, 152, 153 | | | | \*Málavyaḥ\* ... | 84 | | ## M | | Malawai dialect ... | ... 152 | | Madhyadeśa ... | ... 137 | Mallakas ... | 57, 58, 121 | | Mādhyamakeyas ... | ... 155 | Mallakis ... | ... 54 | | Madhyamikā ... | ... 153 | Mallas | 48, 49, 50, 54, 58, 59 | | Madraka (One of Madra bhakti) | 121 | —two ... | 131, 187 | | Madrakas 57, 58, 59, 154, 155, 156, 175 | | Malloi ... | ... 34, 68 | | | | \*Mānāṅka\* ... | 43 | | Madras 39, 88, 92, 120, 131, 133, 134, 138, 151, 155, 174, 188 | | \*Mānava Artha-S'ástra\* | 8 | | | | \*Mantra\* ... | 12, 30, 83, 126, 127 | | —their migration into Rajputana ... | ... 151 | \*Mantradhara\* | 40, 83, 151, 181 | | Magian features (in the religion of the Lichchhavis) | 179 | (those vested with the policy of state) | | | | | \*Mantra-gupti\* ... | ... 127 | | | | \*Mantra-saṁvaraṇa\* | ... 126 | ### [c57.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.13) | | PAGES | | PAGES | | Manu ... | 8, 110, 125 | ## N | | | Martial states (composed of men of all castes) ... | 134 | Nabhāka ... | 145 | | —of Eastern Rajputana ... | 151 | Nachiketas ... | 82 | | \*Matsya\* ... | 7, 155 | Nahapāna ... | 152 | | Mātsya-Nyāya (anarchy) ... | 97 | Nanda army ... | 67 | | Matters of state... ... | 12 | \*Narishtā\* ... | 17\*n.\*, 18 | | Maundi-nikāya ... | 44 | Nation (territorial) 132, post-Vedic, artificial and philosophic stage ... | 133 | | Municipalities ... | 44 | National assembly ... | 11 | | Maurya Empire — extending up to Persia ... | 141 | National judicature ... | 18 | | Megasthenes 25, 63, 84, 132, 133, 189 | | Nationality (political) ... | 133 | | —divides the country into two forms of government ... | 63 | Nationality (tribal) ... | 133 | | Menander ... | 38, 95 | \*Natti-chatuttha\* (The four ñatti procedure)—motions moved thrice—the rules re them ... | 107, 108 | | Military Art ... | 36, 37 | \*Natti dutiya\* (the one ñatti procedure, (rules re motions moved once ... | 108, 102, 109 | | Mint-Master ... | 42 | Natti = Jñapti Vide Motion ... | 104 | | Minutes of the meeting ... | 113, 114 | \*Naya\* ... | 6 | | Mongolian origin of Hindu republics (the theory of) ... | 179 | Nābhakas ... | 133, 145 | | based on the snubnoses in Bhārhut and Sāñchī sculptures, and the customs of the Himalayan hill-men 179, refuted pp. | 180-189 | Nābha-paṅktis ... | 143, 145 | | \*Mitra-lābha\* (alliance) ... | 142 | Nābhitino (the three Nābhas) | 145 | | —to allow the strong to live and the weak to be reduced ... | 142 | Nāgar ... | 152 | | Mixed constitution ... | 123 | Nāgaras—(citizens of the capital or the members of the capital Assembly) ... | 115 | | Monarchical nations ... | 58 | Nānī ... | 45 | | Monarchy ... | 34, 35 | Nārada the Sage to whom Kṛishṇa relates his political troubles ... 169, pp. | 191—917 | | Mote-hall ... | 50, 114 | Negama (City Assembly) ... | 115 | | Motion 104, 105, 107, 114, 184 | | Nemi ... | 87 | | (ñatti or Jñapti) | | Nepal ... | 59 | | Musicani—Muchukarṇa ... | 75 | —coins ... | 43 | | = Mousikanos ... | 37 | \*Nibandhakāra\* ... | 6, 7 | | \*Mukuṭa-bandhana\* coronation of the Mallas ... | 101 | | | ### [c57.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.14) | | PAGES | | PAGES | | Nikāyas ... | 44 | —analogy with Spartan constitution ... | 77 | | Nivāsa (domicile) ... | 121 | —two hereditary kings as commanders ... | 77 | | Nīlakaṇṭha ... | 6 | Pañchālas 12, 14, 31, 57, 58, 59, 187 | | | \*Nichyav\* ... | 91 | Pancha Tantra ... | 6 | | \*Nīti\* ... | 6 | Panday (Mr.) ... | 172 | | Non-delegation System among the democracies ... | 84 | Paṅkti ... | 145 | | Non monarchical communities in the inscription of Samudragupta ... | 156n | Pargiter ... | 74n | | Nysa ... | 33 | Parikshit ... | 137 | | | | Parishad (Parishat) 13, 15, 20, 21 | | | \*\*O\*\* | | \*Párśva\* ... | 35 | | Odomboeres ... | 160 | \*Paṭṭāvalis\* ... | 86 | | Oligarchy of the Bhoja Pettanika ... | 96 | Pati ... | 14 | | One-Chamber constitution ... | 44 | Patiala state ... | 152 | | Opinion of the majority 103, 104 | | Paura ... | 3, 32 | | Opposition to a motion 115, 116 | | \*Pāchittiya\* (reopening of a settled question liable to censure) ... | 113 | | Ossadioi ... | 74 | \*Pālana\* ... | 5 | | Ostracism (among the Arājakas) ... | 173 | Pāṇini 92, 94, 120, 121, 122, 132, 134, 135 | | | Oxydrakai = Kshudrakas 34, 68, 72, 86 | | Pāras kara (district) ... | 135 | | \*\*P\*\* | | Pātāna-prastha ... | 77 | | Parliament 27, 50, 52, 83, 84, 85, 114 | | Pātimokkha ... | 104 | | —of 50000 representatives 67, 180 | | Pitinikas 142, 143, 157 | | | Parliament (federal) ... | 191 | Persian Coins ... | 33 | | Parliament—matters discussed in 52 | | Pettanika 89, 90, 119, 142, 108, 157 | | | Parthian Sakas ... | 152 | Philostratus ... | 86 | | Party ... | 41, 42 | \*Pitenikas\* (see) Pettanikas | | | \*Patala\* ... | 77, 85, 128, 171 | Pitentikas ... | 95, 96 | | —preference for migration to submission ... | 77 | Pointless speeches (\*anaggaṁ\*) precautions against 110, 111, 112 | | | | | —Referred to a jury or commission ... | 110, 111 | | | | Political Authority—resting with the Gaṇa or Saṁgha ... | 82 | ### [c57.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.15) | | PAGES | | PAGES | | Political loyalty, open to strangers ... | 134 | —settlement of pointless speech by the delegation committees ... ... | 112 | | Politico-religious books | 8 | Praváhaṇa Jaivala (or Jaivali) | 12,13 | | Popular assemblies ... | 11 | Ptolemy ... ... | 61 | | Political spies ... | 92, 100 | Pulindas—a dravidian people but republican ... | 143, 146 | | Poros ... | 64,78,175 | Punch-marked coins ... | 43 | | Pradhána ... ... | 125 | Panjab ... | 38,59 | | \*Pradhána\* ... ... | 127 | Pushkara ... ... | 7 | | Pradyumna ... | 120, 192 | Pushyamitra republic | | | \*Prajápati\* ... ... | 5, 15 | —founded by one Pushyamitra | | | Pratijñā (resolution) ... | 105 | —developed great power and wealth, inflicted a defeat on the imperial forces under Kumaragupta, — harassed Skanda-gupta who crushed them ... | 163, 164, 165 | | Prāchī ... | 137 | Pushyamitras (republican people) ... | 163,164,165 | | Prārjunas ... ... | 156n | Pushyamitra ... ... | 134 | | (identical with Prājjūṇaka) ... | 156n | \*Pūga\* ... | 41,124 | | President ... ... | 53 | Pūgagāmaṇika (president of the industrial guilds) ... | 119 | | —giving punishment in his own name ... ... | 124 | | | | —his election or selection | 37,91,129,130, 163, 180 | ### Q | | | Presidents of the Lichchhavis highest judicial authority ... | 52 | Queen of Sciences ... | 88 | | —his decisions carefully recorded ... | 52 | Quorum ... | 27, 107, 114 | | —termed as \*Rājā\* ... | 51 | —number of twenty for all formal acts ... ... | 107 | | Presti—? Prasthalas ... | 76 | ### R | | | Principles of Government ... | 133 | Race (gotra) ... ... | 130 | | Principle of representation ... | 145 | Rapson ... ... | 38n. 43,65,\*etseq\*. | | Procedure of Censure against misdemeanours in speech ... | 113 | Raṭṭhapāla ... ... | 123n | | Procedure of indemnity (\*anumatikappa\*) ... ... | 113 | \*Raṭṭhika\* ... ... | 89,95 | | —rejected by followers of Buddhism ... ... | | | | | Procedure of majority | 109, 110, 111, 115 | | | | Proceeding in presence (\*Sammukha Vinaya\*) ... | 112 | | | ### [c57.16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.16) | | PAGES | | PAGES | | Rāja-Dharma ... | ... 5 | Republican in the name of gaṇa | 132 | | Rajagriha ... | ... 106 | —in the name of the country | 132 | | \*Rājaka\* ... | 31, 41, 51 | —With gaṇas as Protector (\*trātārya\*) ... | ... 132 | | \*Rājakulas\* | 85 | —in Rajputana ; recorded in Mahā-Bhārata ... | ... 155 | | Rāja—election and re-election | 11 | —new historical instances | 131, 132 | | —President of republic. \*Vide\* President ... | ... 185 | Republican States— | 7, 64, 82 | | \*Rājanya\* form of government | 36, 39, 40, 41' 57, 134, 154 | —And the Guptas | 163, 164 | | Rājanyas—proper name of a political people | 100, 158 | —administration procedure ... | ... 49 | | —a democracy ... | 159, 160 | —bravery ... | ... 170 | | —whole Janapada consecrated to rulership ... | ... 159 | —dharma of and | | | \*Rājanyaka\* ... | ... 31 | —dharma sangha ... | ... 117 | | \*Rāja Śabdin\* republic which recognized the title of \*Rājan\* | 84 | —enumerated : \*Kolyas, Kaundibrisas Mallas Moriyas, Licchavis, Sakyas Videhas,\* | | | \*Rājaśabdopajīvin\* ... | ... 36 | | | | \*Rāja-Śāstra\* ... | ... 5 | | | | \*Rāja vishaya\* (self ruling districts) under Aśoka | 143, 144 | | | | —Six out of eight republican | 146 | —\*Bulis, Bhaggas\* | 48, 49 | | \*Rājñaka\* ... | ... 43 | —formation of new | 131-135 | | Rājūkas—(Kinglets) ... | ... 85 | —Gopālavas | | | Rāma-Dāsa ... | ... 8 | —in Artha Śāstra ... | ... 57-82 | | Rāshtrika | 89, 90, 95, 96, 119, 134, 142, 144 | —in Buddhist literature ... | ... 45 | | Rāshtrika—Sāpatya (board of leaders not hereditary) ... | ... 95 | —in Greek writers ... | ... 63 | | Realm Diet ... | ... 3 | —in Kāsika ... | ... 79 | | \*Referendum\* (Chhandaka) of the whole city to elect a king to a vacant throne ... | ... 115 | —intellectual and physical ... | ... 86-88 | | Republic | 28, 30, 34, 36, 37, 38, 116, 125 | —king consul | 57, 59, 60 | | —national or tribal basis ... | ... 132 | —Maurya policy towards ... | ... 141 | | Republican coins : | 48 | —mostly obliterated during the imperialism ... | ... 149 | | —dissensions | 173, 177 | —nation-in-arms ... | ... 60 | | | | —noted by Greek historians ... | ... 64 | | | | —Pāṇini ... | ... 33-44 | | | | —principle of equality prevailed among them ... | ... 170 | ### [c57.17](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.17) | | PAGES | | PAGES | | —their system of justice | 53 | —their re-appearance in Sunga times, their migration | | | —the Málavas (Malavis) their modern descendants | 153 | —their longevity | 174 | | —the Maurya policy of breaking up of ... | 1:8 | —the legends on their coins | 153,142 | | —under Aśoka ... | 142,148 | | —their administrative virtnes | 170 | —under the Mauryas | 141,148 | | —their cultures | | —their status varied according to their strength | 142 | | —their disappearance | 163-165 | Republic of polities | 117 | | —their love of liberty and migrations | 154,155 | —turned into trade guilds | 59 | | Representatives ... | 14 | | —their moral assets: a high sense of justice, discipline, respect for popular feeling... | 169 | \*Res Judicata\* ... | 118 | | Resolution procedure | 115 | | —their systems estimated; | | Resolution | | | p. p. 159 ... | 177 | —before the samgha | 105 | | —their weak points: many of these were small, devoured by large states and ceased to exist when conquered | 175 | 18,116, 114, 184 | | —moved at the instance of the Boddha ... | 105 | | —party affected formally informed of ... | 105 | | —its mover ... | 104 | —repeated thrice assembly remaining silent, was declared carried | 105 | | their disappearance in the end of the fifth cent. | | Revenue (collection of) | 129 | | —were a nation at arms prone to form leagues | 170 | \*Rohana\* (founder of a gaṇa)... | 131 | | —unnamed on the Ravi | 65,66,67,68 | Rolls (paveni-potthakán) | 52 | | Rudradáman | 149,150 | | —with a career of years | 138, 1000 | Rule of Law ... | 97,98,99 | | Republican Rule (rajjam) ... | 51 | Ruler, a servant of the ruled | 134 | | Republican system post—Vedic and artificial, —tribal and philosophic ... | 183 | Rulers: their classification ... | 100 | | —(i) Ugra, (ii) Bhoja (iii) Rájanya ... | 100 | | Republics (Hindu Republics) their ethnology the theory of their Mongolian origin criticized | 179—189 | Rūpakamma (designer) | 182 | | —in S'uṅga times and later | 149 | ### S | | —their final dissppearance in the Gupta period | 155 | \*Sabda\* (title) ... | 36 | | \*Sabhá\* ... | 14,15 ; 17-21 | ### [c57.18](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.18) | PAGES | PAGES | | \*Sabhā\* a popular body ... 17 | \*Samiti\* ... 11—16 | | —its composition ... 18 | —functions ... ... 11 | | —its judicial function ... 89 | —its President ... ... 14 | | —its resolution ... ... 18 | —constitution ... ... 14 | | \*Sabhā-chara\* ... ... 19 | —historical career 15,16,17,18 | | \*Sabhā-pati\* ... ... 18 | Samkarshaṇa (A leader of opposition to krishna) 192,194 | | Sacrament essential in every constitution ... ... 100 | \*Samsthāgāra\* ... ... 50 | | Sagala—Madra capital described ... ... 93,94 | Samudragupta— | | \*Sachitta\* ... ... 32 | \*Sammukha Vinaya\*—vide proceeding in presence ... — | | \*Sajāta\* ... ... 119 | \*Samrājya\* ... ... 137 | | \*Sakaṭa—Vyūha\* ... ... 64 | Samvajjis ... ... 53 | | \*Sakanna jappakam\* (whispering method) ... ... 110 | Sanakānīkas ... ... 156n. | | \*Śakas\* ... ... 6 | Sānchi Sculptures 179,181 | | \*Śalākā\* vide Voting tickets — | Saṅkala ... ... 64,65 | | \*Salāka Grāhaka\* (collector of votes) his five qualifications— 109 | Saṅkarāchārya ... ... 165 | | \*Salākā Grāhaṇa\* (Collection of votes) ... ... 190 | \*Saṅketa\*—resolution passed by a republic ... ... 156 | | Samayas (the laws of gaṇas) 124 | Sanskrit—Iranian bases ... 60 | | Sambos ... ... 76 | \*Santhāgāra\* ... ... 50 | | Samgha Constitution—political and religious 103,104 | \*Santo\* ... ... 19 | | Samgha 26,27,28,29,32,33,34, 35,39,42,43,44,50, 78,83, 105, 106,110,111,112,116,119, 141, 142,151,— | \*Sāpindi Nikaya\* .. ... 44 | | \*Samghadharmins\* ... ... 85 | Sarasvatī ... ... 155 | | Samgha elders of, fathers of, leaders of, ... ... 47 | \*Saryāta Mānava\* ... ... 14 | | Samgha political ... ... 33 | Saśāṅka ... ... 165 | | Samgha religious 28,33,103,104 | \*Sati\*—practised by the Kathaianṣ ... ... 64 | | \*Samghī\* 28,99,158,169,191 194,196 | Satiyaputo ... ... 100 | | \*Saṁgrāmāḥ\* ... ... 14 | Saudrāyanas ... ... 156 | | \*Samhavana\* ... ... 28 | Śālaṅkāyana 134,145,150,159, 160,188 | | | Sākala ... ... 38 | | | \*Salātura\* ... ... 122 | | | Śākya gaṇa—members, old and young ... ... 50 | | | Sākya muni ... ... 115 | | | Śākya parliament ... ... 120 | ### [c57.19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.19) | | PAGES | | PAGES | | Sākyas 18, 49, 50, 87, 108, 116, 117, 120, 188 | | Sind Valley ... ... | 38, 39 | | —their nationality described | 187 | Śini ... ... | 41 | | \*Sāma\* ... ... | 126 | Sister marriage (the custom of) does not prove alien origin of the Śākyas | 187, 188 | | \*Sāpaleyyam\* = Pettanika | 89, 90, 95 | Sivaji Chhatrapati ... | 8 | | \*Śāphālka\* ... ... | 41 | Sodrai—Saudras ... | 74\*n\* | | \*Śāstra-Vārttāḥ\* ... ... | 62 | Sohgaura plate ... ... | 44 | | \*Śāstropajīvin\* ... ... | 86 | Somadeva ... ... | 7 | | Sātvat Bhojas ... ... | 174 | Sophoi ... ... | 86 | | Sātvats 39, 90, 91, 100, 181, 188, 189 | | Sophytes = Saubhūti | 65, 66, 120 | | —Constitution ... ... | 159 | —Sopeithes ... ... | 66 | | Schisms (in Buddhist samgha) | 13 | —their Social customs ... | 66 | | Scope and sources (of Hindu Polity) | 3-8 | —the Intense political character of the individual | 81 | | Sculpture ... ... | 181 | —their handsome looks ... | 87 | | Seals ... ... | 42 | \*Soratha\* ... ... | 61 | | Seats in the assembly ... | 104 | Sovereign Assembly | 1, 11 | | Second House—composed of elected elders ... ... | 81, 83 | Sovereign states ... | 37 | | Seleucus ... ... | 141 | Sovereign—Whole country ... | 55 | | \*Seuś\* ... ... | 20 | Sovira ... ... | 68 | | Senāpati (General) ... | 185 | Spartan constitution ... | 66 | | Senate ... ... | 41 | Spies ... ... | 128 | | Senart ... 72, 82\*n\*, | 179\*et seq\* | \*Śraughna-deśīyas\* ... | 135 | | Sibis ... ... | 155 | \*Śraughna-jātīyas\* ... | 135 | | Siboi = Śibis ... | 68, 74, 75, 77 | \*Śreṇīs\* ... ... | 60, 73, 74 | | —Śaibyas ... ... | 68 | Standards ... ... | 42 | | —Śivis ... ... | 68 | State ... ... | 28 | | —their migration—their coins ... ... | 153 | State based on contract ... | 184 | | Signature ... ... | 43 | State mark ... ... | 43 | | Sikhs ... ... | 87 | States—ambiguously described | 78 | | \*Śilpa\* (art) ... ... | 87 | Phegelas = ? Bhagala ... | | | \*Śmaśāna\* (crematorium) ... | 184 | Glausai or Glaukanikoi | | | Smith, Vincent ... ... | 143 | States bearing personal names | 134 | | Sindhu ... ... | 121 | State-secret ... ... | 128 | | Sindhu Sauviras ... | 38 | Strabo ... ... | 66 | | | | Sudhammā Sabhā (The Hall of good law) ... ... | 113 | ### [c57.20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.20) | PAGES | | PAGES | | Śūdras ... ... 34, 150 | | | | Śakra ... ... 8 | # T | | | Śukra nīti ... ... 110n | Tacitus ... ... 14n | | Śuṅgas ... 60, 61, 148 | Takshaśilā ... 121, 145 | | Surāshtra—The country owing its name to the Rāshtrika constitution ... ... 95 | Tamil country ... ... 141 | | \*Surāshtras\* ... ... 157 | Tarapurwala, Sorabji ... 4n | | Sūtra-dharas ... ... 53 | Taxation ... ... 3 | | \*Suttadhara\*—\*Sutradhara\* ... 185 | Tassa-pāpiyyasikā-kamma 105, 106 | | \*Sūtras\* ... ... 7, 8 | Tāvatiṃsa ... ... 87, 113 | | \*Svāyambhuva Manu\* ... 8 | Technical literature ... 4 | | Svārājya ... 91, 92, 133, 189 | Thākuri family ... ... 96 | | —equals ... ... 91 | Theocratic government (of the Chumbi valley) ... 181 | | —elected president ... 91 | Thomas, F. W. ... ... 20 | | Śvetaketu ... 12, 13, 14, 188 | Tibetan affinities of the Lichchhavis | | System, republican, their criticisms | —paper on by Mr. V. Smith: 183 | | —their material prosperity ... ... 170, 171 | theory of Tibetan origin discussed and refuted 180-181 | | —they were good agriculturists ... ... 171 | Tibetan government ... 180 | | —separation of powers and functions among them suggest sagacity and a vast constitutional experience ... 171 | Tibetans ... ... 179 | | —absence of sacerdotal element in their chiefs ... 171 | Tirhut ... ... 59 | | —philosophic basis of the states ... ... 171, 172 | Titles ... ... 36 | | their elected ruler a servant of the state ... ... 172 | Tokharis ... ... 6 | | extreme form of individualism existed in some, in others individuals existed for the state, and in most others, the state and the individual were identical ... ... 172, 173 | Town-rulers ... ... 157 | | | Township ... ... 41 | | | Trade-guilds ... ... 21 | | | Transition from monarchy to republic ... ... 74 | | | Tribe and state: Greek and Indian points of view ... 76 | | | Tribes ... 11n, 26, 29, 30, 35 | | | Trigarttas ... 155, 170 | | | Trigartta Shashṭha ... 35, 38 | | | Trikāṇḍaka ... ... 145 | | | \*Tshan-di\* (Tibetan Judicial procedure) ... ... 815n. | | | Turnour (author) ... 521, 53n | ### [c57.21](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.21) | | PAGES | | PAGES | | \*\*U\*\* | | Varga ... | 41,122 | | Uddeha (gaṇa) ... | 131 | \*Vargīa\* ... | 141 | | Udīchīs (Northerners ... | 144 | Varāha—Mihira | 62,157 | | Ugra ... | 100 | \*Varshakāra\* ... | 176 | | Ugrasena—one of the elected presidents of the Andhaka Vrishṇi ... | 191,193 | Vaśa ... | 137 | | Ugrasena ... | 195,197 | Vasātis ... | 75 | | Ugrasena Babhru ... | 41 | \*Vāsudeva\* (Krishṇa) | 192,194 | | Un-anointed ruler ... | 101 | Vāsudeva ... | 41,42,120,121 | | —an unlawful ruler—a term of contempt in Hindu politics | 101 | \*Vasu-gaṇa\* ... | 32 | | —applied to foreign tribes in the Purāṇas ... | 101 | Vatsas ... | 39,40 | | Upāli ... | 106 | Vāhīka ... | 34,36,38,78,159 | | Uparāja (vice—president—of republic) ... | 185 | \*Vākyāḥ\* ... | 126 | | \*Upajīv\* ... | 30,37 | Vājapeya ... | 91 | | \*Upāya\* ... | 5 | Vāmarathas ... | 159,160 | | Upper House of Elders ... | 73 | \*Vārtā sastropajīvinaḥ\* ... | 60,67 | | Urṇa-Nābhas ... | 145 | Vāsiṣhṭhas, Mallas styled as ... | 187 | | Uśanas ... | 5 | Vedic Assemblies ... | 9—16 | | Uśīnara ... | 137 | =Coronation ... | 12 | | Uśana's Daṇḍa-Nīti | 6 | =Kingship ... | 11 | | Utsava-Saṅketas— | 156,157 | =rituals used in the consecration to political rule by the republicans | 188-189 | | Uttamabhadras | 152 | \*Vibhedana\* ... | 126 | | Uttara Kuru ... | 92,93,137,138 | Vice president (Uparājā) ... | 51 | | Uttara Madras ... | 58,92,93,94,174 | Vidatha ... | 20 | | \*Uttarāpatha\* (northern regions) | 144 | \*Videhas\* 39,43,45,48,53,58, | 132,170, | | Uttara-Valissaha (gaṇa) ... | 131 | \*Vidyā\* (Science) | 87 | | Uvāla (Bhikkhu) | 105, 106 | Vikrama ... | 61 | | | | Village constitution | 14,15 | | \*\*V\*\* | | Village panchāyat ... | 63 | | Vaiśālī ... | 51,54,85,186 | \*Vinaya\* 105, 106, 107, 108, | 114, 112 | | Vaisya ... | 11 | Vinda ... | 96 | | Vairājya (Kingless constitution) 92, 94, 99, 100, | 138, 181, 189 | Vinichchaya Mahāmāttas ... | 53 | | | | \*Viruddha-rajjāni\* (states ruled by parties) ... | 99 | | | | \*Viruddha rājya\* ... | 42 | ### [c57.22](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.22) | | PAGES | | PAGES | | \*Virāj\*— | 94 | \*Winichchhiya mahāmatta\*—\*Viniś-\* | | | President of vairājya republics | 94 | \*chaya mahāmātra\* | — 185\*n.\* | | \*Viśaḥ\* | 11 | Whitney | 20\*n\* | | Viśvāmitra | 161 | Winternitz | 214 | | \*Vivātakaṁ\* (open method of | | | | | vote taking) | 110 | ## X | | | Vohārikas | 53 | | | | \*Vohārikā\*=\*Vyāvahārikā\* | 185 | Xathroi | 59,61,74 | | Vote—(Chhanda) 103,104,108, | | | | | 109 115 | | ## Y | | | —Connoting free will and choice | 108 | \*Yadus\* | 11,188 | | —Of absentees | 108,109 | \*Yak\* sacrifice | 180,181 | | Means of taking | 110 | Yaksha | 181,182 | | Vyāḍi (grammarian) | 133 | Yakshiṇī | — 181 | | Vote taking: Open method | | Yasodharman | — 165 | | (\*Vivātakaṁ\*) | 110 | Yauvarājya | 99 | | Secret method (Guḷhakaṁ)... | 110 | \*Yukta\* | 127 | | Whispering method | | \*Yādavas\* | 40,90,194,197 | | (Sakaṇṇa-jappakaṁ) | 110 | Yaudheya 35,36,39,40,49,57, | | | Voting | 134 | 61,67,74,78,83,133,134,145,149 | | | Vyāsa | 19\*n\* | —their constitution: had an | | | Voting tickets (Śalākā) | 27,109,110 | elected president; had an exe- | | | —Made of wood | 109 | cutive committee; their coins | | | Vṛiddhas (elders) | 19,57,58,83 | and seals struck in the name | | | Vṛijika (One of Vṛiji Bhakta) | 120 | of Yaudheyas and their cabinet | 151 | | Vṛishṇis 40,41,66,77,87,120,132, | | —survived the Mauryan | | | 134,157,169,188,191,195 | | empire, the Satraps, the | | | Vṛiji—Vajjis 39,45,49,53, | | Kushanas—their military | | | 186,120,121,123,124,138 | | glory in Second Century | | | Vṛika | 35,58 | A. C testified by Rudra- | | | \*Vṛishṇi Saṁgha\*... | 120 | dāman,—by Samudra Gupta | 149 | | \*Vyavahāra\* | 127 | —their elected president 150, | | | | | their coins found all over the | | | ## W | | country between the Sutlej | | | | | and the Jumna: their presi- | | | Wajjian—Vrijjian | —184n. | ding deity or state-lakshaṇa | | | Weber | 70\*n\* | Kārttikeya, the god of hero- | | | Walsh (E. H.) | 179,180 | ism and war | 150 | | Weber and Āpiśali | 70 | | | ### [c57.23](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.23) —their next destroyer: foreign rule of the northern Satraps leading to the immigration of the stronger republics to Rajputana—154, 155, 174, 181, 188 ### [c57.24](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.24) —their disappearance from history sometime before the tenth century A. C.—the Johiya Rajputs their modern descendants. 151, 152 ### [c57.25](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.25) Yaudheya \*Gaṇa\* (Yaudheya Parliament) ... ... 150 ### [c57.26](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.26) Yaudheya coins—Three classes of 150 ### [c57.27](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.27) Yavanas ... ... 38, 146, 147 ### [c57.28](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.28) Asoka's Yavanas contiguous to the Kâmbojas. Greek colony on or near the Kabul river, were self-ruling—organised as a city state of the Indian republican type in the time of Alexander, probably Perso-Greeks. Hinduised Greeks—regarded as Indians by Alexander's companions.—their state organised as aristocracy—their president called \*Akoubhis\*. 147–148 ### [c57.29](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.29) Yavanâni (Script of Yavana)— 146 ### [c57.30](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.30) \*Ye-bhuyyasikaṁ\* = The opinion of the greater number ... 109 ### [c57.31](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.31) =\*Ye-bhuyasiyakam\* ... ... 142 ### [c57.32](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.32) Yonas ... ... ### [c57.33](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.33) Z ### [c57.34](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57.34) Zimmer ... ... 11\*n\*, 20\*n\* This page is entirely illegible due to extreme fading and low contrast of the scan. --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c57) · Pramāṇa