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History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v1.c6.s62: 75. Pārijāta

History of Dharmaśāstra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v1.c6.s62

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75. Pārijāta

v1.c6.s62.1

Several works bear the appellation Pārijāta such as the Vidhānapārijāta (composed in 1625 A. D.), the Madanapārijāta (about 1375 A. D.) and the Prayogapārijāta (between 1400-1500). But there was an ancient work called Pārijāta quoted by even some of the earliest *nibandhakāras*. The Kalpataru several times quotes the views of a work called Pārijāta. The Prakāśa and Pārijāta are frequently mentioned⁷⁰² together in the Kalpataru and the Vivādaratnākara. The latter regarded the Kalpataru, Pārijāta, Halāyudha and Prakāśa as its most eminent predecessors.⁷⁰³ The Dānaratnākara⁷⁰⁴ quotes several times the views of Pārijāta on gifts. The Smṛtisāra of Harinātha sets out at length the order of succession to a sonless man according to the Pārijāta (vide I. O. Ms. No. 301, folio 134 a). One of the striking opinions of the Pārijāta was that the widow of a sonless man should raise offspring by *niyoga* and give the wealth of the deceased to the son so born.

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⁷⁰² कात्यायनः । विण्मूत्रोत्सर्जनं चैव नग्नत्वपरिमर्दनम् । प्रायो दासीसुताः कुर्युः कचादिग्रहणं च यत् ॥ नग्नत्वपरिमर्दनं परिधापनम् । नग्नत्वे परिमर्दनं संवाहनमिति पारिजातः । कल्पतरु folio 368 (Benares S. College Transcript); *vide* notes 649 and 690 above.

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⁷⁰³ कल्पद्रुमे वाप्यथ पारिजाते हलायुधे वाप्यथवा प्रकाशे । यत्सारमस्मादधिकं च यत्तद्दधाति रत्नाकर एक एव ॥ verse at the end of वि. र.

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⁷⁰⁴ ऋत्विगभ्यस्तु दक्षिणामात्रम् । भूपालसागरपारिजातादयोप्येवम् । दानरत्नाकर folio 28 a; अथवा तुलापुरुषवदर्थं गुरवे निवेद्यार्धमृत्विग्भ्यो दद्यादिति पारिजातः । *ibid* folio 28 b (about कामधेनुप्रदान).

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From the above it appears that the Pārijāta was an independent work on *vyavahāra*, *dāna* and other topics. Being quoted by the Kalpataru it was earlier than 1125 A. D. and as it held views similar to those of Bhojadeva and Halāyudha on the widow's rights and as it is not quoted by the Mit. or other earlier works it must be assigned to a date between 1000-1125 A. D. In I. L. R. 12 Cal. 348 at p. 356 the learned judges hold that the Pārijāta frequently cited as an authority by the Vivādaratnākara is the Madanapārijāta. But this is entirely wrong. The latter work, it will be shown (*vide* sec. 93), was composed about 1375, while the Vivādaratnākara was composed about 1320 A. D. Hence the Pārijāta of the Vivādaratnākara is the ancient work mentioned in the Kalpataru.

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