[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India)](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930) › v2.c19.212 # History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v2.c19.212 History of Dharmaśāstra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v2.c19.212 - **Language:** English ### [v2.c19.212](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v2.c19.212) \*Kāyastha.\*¹⁷⁷ Heated controversies have raged in medieval and modern times about the origin and status of kāyasthas and the bitterness is reflected in the decisions of the Indian courts also. In \*Bholanath v. Emperor\*¹⁷⁸ the Calcutta High Court held that the kāyasthas of Bengal were śūdras and went so far as to hold that a kāyastha could marry a Dom female. But in \*Asita Mohan v. Nirode Mohan\*¹⁷⁹ the Privy Council left open the question whether the kāyasthas of Bengal were śūdras. On the other hand in \*Tulsi Ram v. Bihari Lal\*¹⁸⁰ and in \*Ishwari Prasad v. Rai Hari Prasad\*¹⁸¹ the Allahabad and Patna High Courts respectively held that the kāyasthas were dvijas and not śūdras. In \*Subrao v. Radha\* 52 Bom. 497 at p. 504-506 this conflict of decisions is referred to. - [Previous: v2.c19.211](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v2.c19.211) - [Next: v2.c19.213](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v2.c19.213) - [Up: v2.c19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v2.c19) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v2.c19.212](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v2.c19.212) · Pramāṇa