[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India)](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930) › v2.c19.277 # History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v2.c19.277 History of Dharmaśāstra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v2.c19.277 - **Language:** English ### [v2.c19.277](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v2.c19.277) \*Nāpita\* (barber). The Śāṅkhāyana gṛhya I. 25 refers to him (in cūḍākarma). Uśanas (32-34) and Vaik. (X. 12) say that he is the offspring of a clandestine affair between a brāhmaṇa male and a vaiśya female and Uśanas derives the word by saying that he shaves the body above the navel of a person.¹⁹⁰ Vaik. (X. 15) says that the offspring of an ambaṣṭha male from a kṣatriya female is a nāpita, but he shaves the hair on the body below the navel. Parāśara (XI. 21)¹⁹¹ says that the offspring of a brāhmaṇa from a śūdra girl is called dāsa if saṁskāras are performed on him, but if they are not performed he becomes a nāpita. Pāṇ. (VI. 2. 62) specially provides for the accentuation of words meaning artisan (\*śilpin\*, like nāpita or kulāla) when compounded with the word \*grāma\*. The Sūtasaṁhitā (Śiva—chap. XII. 15) says that the offspring of the clandestine union of a brāhmaṇa male and a vaiśya female is called kumbhakāra or ūrdhva-nāpita, while verse 32 says that the offspring of a kṣatriya female from a niṣāda is called ‘adho-nāpita’. - [Previous: v2.c19.276](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v2.c19.276) - [Next: v2.c19.278](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v2.c19.278) - [Up: v2.c19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v2.c19) ## Cites (6) - [Aṣṭādhyāyī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.vyakarana.astadhyayi-school.astadhyayi.6.2.62) — Pāṇini, Sanskrit - [Śāṅkhāyanagṛhyasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.kalpa.grhya.rgveda.sankhayana.1.25) — Śāṅkhāyana, Sanskrit - [Parāśarasmṛti](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.parasara.11.21) — Parāśara, Sanskrit - [Auśanasasmṛti](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.usanas.32) — Uśanas (Śukra), Sanskrit - [Vaikhānasadharmasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.kalpa.dharma.vaikhanasa) — Vikhanas, Sanskrit - [Sūtasaṃhitā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.sutasamhita.12.15) — Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v2.c19.277](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v2.c19.277) · Pramāṇa