[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India)](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930) › v2.c20.217 # History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v2.c20.217 History of Dharmaśāstra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v2.c20.217 - **Language:** English ### [v2.c20.217](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v2.c20.217) ³⁷³ आर्यस्र्यभिगमने लिङ्गोद्धारः स्वहरणं च । गोप्ता चेद्वधिकः । गौतम 12. 1-2. In parts of America the penalty for an attempt to commit a rape on a white woman is burning alive, but only if the offender has a black skin. As to Rome vide Westermarck's 'The Origin and Development of moral Ideas' (1912) vol. I. p. 433 "from the beginning of Empire the citizens were divided into privileged classes and commonalty- \*uterque ordo\* and \*plebs\*—and whilst a commoner who was guilty of murder was punished with death, a murderer belonging to the privileged classes was generally punished with deportation only." - [Previous: v2.c20.216](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v2.c20.216) - [Next: v2.c20.218](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v2.c20.218) - [Up: v2.c20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v2.c20) ## Cites (1) - [Gautamadharmasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.kalpa.dharma.gautama.12.1) — Gautama (dharmasūtrakāra), Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v2.c20.217](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v2.c20.217) · Pramāṇa