[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India)](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930) › v2.c35.10.3 # History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v2.c35.10.3 History of Dharmaśāstra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v2.c35.10.3 - **Language:** English ### [v2.c35.10.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v2.c35.10.3) 2 four out of these seem to be alluded to 'what came to me as huta or ahuta or given by pitṛs and assented to by men'.¹⁶⁷¹ Huta and prahuta in the sense of \*homa\* to gods and \*bali\* to bhūtas occur in Bṛ. Up. I. 5.2. But in some gṛhyasūtras different meanings are attached to these very words e. g. Śāṅ. gṛ. I. 5 and Pār. gṛ. I. 4 say that there are four pākayajñas viz. huta, ahuta, prahuta and prāśita and Śāṅ. gṛ. I. 10. 7¹⁶⁷² explains that they are respectively the same as agnihotra (or daivayajña), bali (bhūtayajña), pitṛ-yajña and brāhmya-huta (or mānuṣyayajña). The Hārīta-dharma-sūtra has a very interesting passage on this point. 'We shall now explain the \*sūnās\* (places of injury) which are so called because they kill moving and immovable sentient beings. They are five. The first (\*sūnā\*) is caused by actions like sudden entrance in water, plunging into water, whirling water, splashing it in various directions, taking water without straining it through a piece of cloth and driving vehicles; the second by walking about in the dark or away from the beaten path or in quick jerks or by treading upon insects &c.; the third by striking (a tree with an axe &c.), by plucking flowers &c., by tying with a rope &c., by crushing (in a mortar), by splitting (wood &c.); the fourth by cutting crops, by rubbing or grinding; and the fifth by ignition (of fire-wood), heating (of water), by roasting, frying and cooking. - [Previous: v2.c35.10.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v2.c35.10.2) - [Next: v2.c35.10.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v2.c35.10.4) - [Up: v2.c35.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v2.c35.10) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v2.c35.10.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v2.c35.10.3) · Pramāṇa