[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India)](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930) › v3.c41.22 # History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v3.c41.22 History of Dharmaśāstra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v3.c41.22 - **Language:** English ### [v3.c41.22](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v3.c41.22) Gradually many accretions were made to the simple upākarma rite given in the Āśv. gṛ. and other gṛhya sūtras. In modern times upākarma is a most elaborate matter. That of Ṛgvedins may be briefly described here: After ācamana, prāṇāyāma and reference to time and place, a saṅkalpa is made as stated¹⁹³⁴ below, then follow worship of Gaṇapati, the preparation of the altar and fire (as described before for \*homa\* in general); then nine āhutis of clarified butter are made to the nine deities Sāvitrī (as in Āśv. gṛ. above), then offerings of barley flour mixed with curds are made to twenty deities with the first¹⁹³⁵ and last verses of each of the ten maṇḍalas of the Ṛgveda viz. to Agni, Aptṛṇasūrya (plural), Agni, Śakunta, Agni, Mitrāvaruṇa (dual), Agni, Āpaḥ (waters), Agni, Maruts, Agni, Viśve Devas, Agni, Indrāsoma (dual), Indra, Agnāmarutaḥ, Pavamānasoma, Pavamānasoma, Agni, Saṁjñāna. Then the remains of barley and curds are offered to Agni Sviṣṭakṛt. Then the persons engaged in upākarma should partake of the remains of barley mixed with curds after repeating the verse ‘dadhikrāvṇo’ (Ṛg. IV. 39. 6). Then ācamana and mārjana are performed, then homa of a yajñopavīta in fire, then giving of yajñopavīta and dakṣiṇās to brāhmaṇas and wearing new yajñopavīta oneself (which consists in its abhimantraṇa with the three verses ‘āpo hi ṣṭhā’ Ṛg. X. 9. 1-3 and several mantras beginning with ‘hiraṇyavarṇāḥ’, Tai. S. V. 6. 1. 1-2 and Tai. Br. I. 4. 8), after symbolical nyāsa (deposit) of oṁkāra, Agni, Nāgas, Soma, Pitṛs, Prajāpati, Vāyu, Sūrya and Viśve Devas on the nine tantus (strands) of the yajñopavīta, then \*japa\* of ten Gāyatrī verses for each of the yajñopavītas intended to be worn, then presenting the yajñopavīta to the Sun with the three verses ‘udyan-nadya’ (Ṛg. I. 50. 11-13), clapping the hands thrice, then repeating the mantra ‘yajñopavītam paramam &c.’ (vide \*f. n.\* 662 above) and then putting on the yajñopavīta, then ācamana, casting away the old yajñopavīta in water, prāṇāyāma, then repeating three verses ‘pṛthvī tvayā &c.’, then repeating the words ‘Vidyudasi vidya me pāpmānam-ṛtāt-satyam-upaimi’ (Tai. Br. III. 10. 9), then placing one's folded hands with darbha blades between on one's right knee, to repeat and make others repeat 'om', vyāhṛtis and Gāyatrī thrice, then brahmayajña and then saying '\*upākṛtā vai vedāḥ\*' (the study of the Vedas has been begun), then the ācārya finishes the rest of the rite such as prāyaścitta, then all resolve to feed brāhmaṇas and give dakṣiṇā according to ability. The ācārya takes leave of the fire, bows to Viṣṇu and sips water twice. - [Previous: v3.c41.21](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v3.c41.21) - [Next: v3.c41.23](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v3.c41.23) - [Up: v3.c41](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v3.c41) ## Linked texts (4) - [Taittirīyabrāhmaṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.brahmana.taittiriya.1.4.8) — Sanskrit - [Ṛgvedasaṃhitā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.samhita.rg.4.39.6) — Sanskrit - [Taittirīyasaṃhitā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.samhita.krsnayajur*taittiriya) — Sanskrit - [Āśvalāyanagṛhyasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.kalpa.grhya.asvalayana) — Āśvalāyana, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v3.c41.22](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v3.c41.22) · Pramāṇa