[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India)](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930) › v3.c54.271 # History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v3.c54.271 History of Dharmaśāstra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v3.c54.271 - **Language:** English ### [v3.c54.271](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v3.c54.271) Āśramas (\*see\* under brahmacarya, householder, saṁnyāsa) 416; all four mentioned in Jābālopaniṣad, 421; earliest reference to, probably in the Ait. Br., 420; features characteristic of each of four, 837; Kapila, an asura, is said by Baud. Dh. S. to have started system of four, 417; difference between theories of varṇas and āśramas, 423; no ā. superior to others, according to Āp. Dh. S., 425; number of, 416; saṁnyāsa mentioned in Muṇḍakopaniṣad, 421; śūdra could take only to householder's stage, 163, 924; theory of Manu and others about, 417-418; three ā. clearly referred to in Chān. Up., 420, 422-24; three different points of view about, 424-426; various names for the last āśrama, 417; what duties common to all, 6; word ā. does not occur in Vedic Saṁhitās or Brāhmaṇas, 418. - [Previous: v3.c54.270](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v3.c54.270) - [Next: v3.c54.272](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v3.c54.272) - [Up: v3.c54](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v3.c54) ## Cites (6) - [Baudhāyanadharmasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.kalpa.dharma.baudhayana) — Baudhāyana, Sanskrit - [Āpastambadharmasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.kalpa.dharma.apastamba) — Āpastamba, Sanskrit - [Chāndogyopaniṣad](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.mukhya.chandogya) — Sanskrit - [Aitareyabrāhmaṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.brahmana.aitreya) — Mahidāsa Aitareya, Sanskrit - [Muṇḍakopaniṣad](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.mukhya.mundaka) — Sanskrit - [Jābālopaniṣad](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.sannyasa.jabala) — Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v3.c54.271](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v3.c54.271) · Pramāṇa