[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India)](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930) › v4.c63.280.2 # History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v4.c63.280.2 History of Dharmaśāstra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v4.c63.280.2 - **Language:** English ### [v4.c63.280.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v4.c63.280.2) one who does not perform the customary religious rites; an impotent person; an actor; an atheist; a \*vrātya\*; one who has abandoned his wife; one who has given up \*agnihotra\* (daily offerings into \*śrauta\* or \*smārta\* fire); one that officiates as priest for persons who are not entitled to perform vedic sacrifices; one who is an associate in eating food from the same vessel in which food is cooked (i. e. who is in commensality with a party); a former enemy (\*arirau\* as one word); a spy; an agnate; a cognate (or born of the same womb); one whose evil doings in former lives are seen clearly; a public dancer (\*śailūṣa\*, or one who makes his women actresses); one who lives by (i. e. buys or sells) poison; a snake-catcher; one who is a poisoner, an incendiary, a mean person (\*kīnāśa\*, or parsimonious person); the son of a śūdra woman (from one of a higher caste); one guilty of a minor sin (\*upapātaka\*); one fatigued; a desperado; one who has relinquished all attachments; a person who is penniless (through gambling or other extravagance); a member of the lowest (untouchable) caste; one leading a bad life; a brahmacārin who has not yet returned from his teacher's house; an idiot; an oil-seller; a seller of roots; one possessed (by a ghost or demon); one hated by the king; a weather-prophet; an astrologer; one who proclaims to the public the sins of others; one who has sold himself (for money); one who has a limb too little (e. g. having four fingers to the hand); - [Previous: v4.c63.280.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v4.c63.280.1) - [Next: v4.c63.280.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v4.c63.280.3) - [Up: v4.c63.280](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v4.c63.280) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v4.c63.280.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v4.c63.280.2) · Pramāṇa