[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India)](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930) › v4.c63.280.3 # History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v4.c63.280.3 History of Dharmaśāstra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v4.c63.280.3 - **Language:** English ### [v4.c63.280.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v4.c63.280.3) one who lives on the immorality of his wife; one who has bad nails; one with black teeth; one who has betrayed his friend; a rogue; a seller of liquor; a juggler; an avaricious man; a ferocious man; an opponent of a śreṇi (guild) or gaṇa (association); a butcher; a hide-worker; a cripple; one excommunicated for a grave sin (like brāhmaṇa-murder); a forger (of documents or coins or weights &c.); one who employs incantations and drugs for influencing others; one who is an apostate⁴⁹⁴ from the order of ascetics (\*pratyavasita\*); a robber; a servant of the king; a brāhmaṇa who sells human beings, cattle, meat, bones, honey, milk, water or clarified butter; a member of the three higher castes who engages in usury; one who has given up the peculiar duties of his caste (or station); a \*kulika\*; a bard; one who is the servant of a low person; one who has quarrelled with his father; one who causes dissensions. Kauṭ. III. 11, Manu VIII. 65, Viṣṇu Dh. S. VIII. 1 and several others say that the king cannot be cited as a witness⁴⁹⁵ (except possibly to prove the plea of \*res judicata\* or to prove what transpired before him when a litigation was going on). - [Previous: v4.c63.280.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v4.c63.280.2) - [Next: v4.c63.281](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v4.c63.281) - [Up: v4.c63.280](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v4.c63.280) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v4.c63.280.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v4.c63.280.3) · Pramāṇa