[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India)](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930) › v4.c63.342 # History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v4.c63.342 History of Dharmaśāstra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v4.c63.342 - **Language:** English ### [v4.c63.342](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v4.c63.342) Nār. (IV. 235-236) states that when through⁵³⁸ the carelessness of the creditor (who dies) there is no document nor witness to prove a debt and the defendant denies it, then one of three methods (of proof) may be resorted to, viz. \*codanā pratīkūlam\* (dunning the debtor each time to repay), \*yuktileśa\* (putting forth arguments) and \*śapatha\* (special oaths and ordeals)538a. Kāt. (233 q. by Sm. C. II. p. 52 and Par. M. III. 91) has a similar verse. \*Yukti\* according to Nārada IV. 238 means⁵³⁹ 'the creditor should follow (the debtor) by arguments and by himself remembering and by reminding the debtor of the time, the place, the relation (subsisting between the two)'. Others interpret \*yukti\* differently, that is, it means 'logical reasoning'. Kāt. (214) defines⁵⁴⁰ 'yukti' as 'the ascertainment or knowledge of a \*liṅga\*' (i. e. a sign that leads on to an inference). - [Previous: v4.c63.341](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v4.c63.341) - [Next: v4.c63.343](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v4.c63.343) - [Up: v4.c63](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v4.c63) ## Cites (2) - [Kātyāyanasmṛti](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.uddhrta.katyayana.233) — Kātyāyana (smṛtikāra), Sanskrit - [Nāradasmṛti](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.narada) — Nārada, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v4.c63.342](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v4.c63.342) · Pramāṇa