[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India)](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930) › v4.c64.656 # History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v4.c64.656 History of Dharmaśāstra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v4.c64.656 - **Language:** English ### [v4.c64.656](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v4.c64.656) Courts, civil and criminal matters tried in ancient India by same c. 259; classes of State c. 281; could be attended by learned men, who though not appointed as judges could state their opinions 274; dharmasthīya and kaṇṭakaśodhana c. 252; four kinds of 277; grades of 280-281; holidays for 277; inferior c. recognized in the smṛtis, 280; law and equity administered by same 259; judges of, to give unanimous decision 274; matters within the purview of kaṇṭakaśodhana c. 252; opinion of majority of judges of c. to prevail 275; people present (except learned brāhmaṇas) were not to interfere by speech in work of, 274; punishment for clerks of c. for wrongly taking down depositions 276; should be established for groups of 10, 400, 800 villages 273; to consider burden of proof after defendant's reply 304. - [Previous: v4.c64.655](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v4.c64.655) - [Next: v4.c64.657](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v4.c64.657) - [Up: v4.c64](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v4.c64) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v4.c64.656](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.kane-1930.v4.c64.656) · Pramāṇa