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History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v7.c92.s1: Appendix to Section VI

History of Dharmaśāstra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v7.c92.s1

Language
English

Appendix to Section VI

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Some important published texts consulted by the author on Tāntricism are set out here. Sanskrit works are arranged in the order of the Sanskrit alphabet, but are transliterated in English and their names are printed in italics Information about authors, dates and editions is set out briefly where available.

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*Advayavajrasaṅgraha* of Advayavajra (11th century A. D); contains 21 short works on Buddhist philosophy (in G. O S), ed. by H. P. Shastri, with a valuable Introduction.

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*Ārya-Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa* (published in TSS in three parts and 721 pages); contains parts of different dates (from 4th to 9th century A. D.). It is Buddhist and included in Tibetan Kangyur. It has now 55 chapters, but a Chinese translation of 10th century has only 28 chapters. Dr. B. Bhattacharya ascribes it to 2nd century A. D.; but Winternitz disagrees (vide IHQ. IX. pp. 1 ff). Jayaswal in 'Imperial History of India' gives the text of *patalavisara* 53 containing 1003 verses, out of which verses 6-314 deal with the biography of Buddha up to his *nirvāṇa* and real history is given from about 78 A. D to 8th century A. D. in verses 345-980.

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*Īśānaśivagurudevapaddhati* of Īśānaśivagurudevamiśra, in four parts, Sāmānyapāda, Mantrapāda, Kriyāpāda and Yogapāda, it contains about 18000 slokas and is published in T. S S.; it mentions Gautamiya Tantra, Prapañcasāra and Bhojarāja; composed about 1100 A. D. or a little later.

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*Kāmakalāvilāsa* of Puṇyānandanātha, with the commentary Cidvallī of Natanānandanātha (Kashmir S. S.); there are 55 verses with tr. and notes by Arthur Avalon (pub by Ganesh & Co. Madras, 1953), originally in Tāntrik Texts vol. X.

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*Kālacakratantra* (Buddhist)—Vide J. A. S B, *Letters*, vol. XXVIII (1952) pp. 71-76 for an account of this work by Biswanath Bandopadhyaya

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*Kaulajñānanirṇaya*—ed by Prof. P C. Bagchi (in Calcutta S. Series, 1934), H P. Shastri assigned the ms of it to 9th century A. D., but Prof. Bagchi (p 3) places it in the middle of the 11th century A. D. It is ascribed to Matsyendrapāda in the colophons. Vide p. 1115, `n 1820 above for Matsyendranātha.

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*Kālīvilāsatantra*—ed. by A Avalon in Tāntrik Texts, vol VI (1917) in 35 patalas. In X. 20-21 it frankly allows adultery provided the sexual act is not completed. It mentions (in XX. 1) the Kālikāpurāna and in XV. 12–13 contains a mantra in a language resembling Assamese and eastern Bengali.

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*Kulacūḍāmaṇi-tantra* (ed. by A. Avalon in Tāntrik Texts, vol IV, 1915) in seven patalas and 430 verses. In I. 4–12 names of 64 tantras are cited.

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*Kulārnava-tantra*—It is in 17 ullāsas and contains over 2000 verses. It is a famous work profusely quoted (published in Tāntrik Texts, vol. V, London, 1917). It is an early tantra, probably composed before 1000 A. D. In the colophons it is said to be a tantra of the Ūrdhvāmnāya (the fifth of the five āmnāyas) and as part of the work of one lakh and a quarter verses. Vide A. B. O. R. I. vol. XIII. pp. 206–211 for a paper on 'Kulārnava-tantra, its extent and contents' by Prof. Chintaharan Chakravarti.

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*Kaulāvalīnirṇaya* of Jñānānandagiri in twenty-one ullāsas, ed. by A. Avalon in Tāntrik Texts, vol. XIV; in I. 2–14 names numerous Tantras including yāmalas and in I. 92–93 eight former gurus are named.

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*Gaṇapatitattva*—Old Javanese Text, critically edited, annotated and translated by Dr. (Mrs.) Sudarśadevī Singhal (pub. by International Academy of Sciences, New Delhi, 1958); refers to Mūlādhāra and other Cakras with their positions and colours, six angas of Yoga excluding *yama*, *niyama*, *āsana* and adding *tarka*; gives an account of the production of *nāda* from Niskala and of bindu from nāda and so on, of mantras, *bījās* &c.

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*Guhyasamājatantra* or *Tathāgata-guhyaka* (Buddhist): It is published in G O. S.; it is assigned to 4th century A. D. by Dr. B. Bhattacharya (in Intro to Sādhanamālā, vol. II, p. XCV); vide p 1050 above for criticism of this view. It probably belongs to the 5th or 6th century A. D. Vide notes 1673 and 1691

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*Gorakṣasiddhāntasaṅgraha* published in S. B. Texts (1925); mixture of Yoga and Tantra

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*Cidgaganacandrikā*; ascribed to Kālidāsa; ed. by Trivikramatīrtha in Tāntrik Texts, Vol. XX.

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*Jayākhyasaṁhitā* (published in G. O. S)—a Pāñcarātra work ascribed to 450 A. D. by Dr B. Bhattacharya; contains some Tantra topics such as Yakṣiṇī-sādhana, Cakrayantra-sādhana, Stambhana.

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*Jñānasiddhi* of king Indrabhūti, disciple of Anaṅgavajra and father of guru Padmasambhava; pub. in 'Two Vajrayāna Texts' (G. O. S ), assigned to about 717 A. D. (Intro. p. 10); gives in a nutshell leading doctrines of Vajrayāna.

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*Jñānārṇavatantra*, pub. by Anan Press, Poona; contains 26 paṭalas and about 2300 verses.

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*Tantrarājatantra*, ed in Tāntrik Texts, vol VIII and XII and pub. by Ganesh & Co. Madras, 1954, with the commentary Manoramā by Subhagānandanātha; it has 36 chapters. It gives an account of the Kādimata.

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*Tantrasāra* of Kṛṣṇānanda, pub. in Ch. S. S.; about 17th century A. D. `

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*Tantrasāra* of Abinavagupta, a summary of *Tantrāloka*, pub. in Kashmir S. S. (1918). About the first quarter of 11th century A. D.

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*Tantrābhidhāna* with Bījanighaṇṭu and Mudrānighaṇṭu, ed. by A. Avalon in Tāntrik Texts, vol I. (1913)

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*Tantrāloka* of Abhinavagupta with the com. of Jayaratha, pub. in Kashmir S. S. in several volumes; composed about 1000 A. D.

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*Tārātantra*, ed. by Śrī Giriśacandra and pub. in the Gauḍa-granthamālā No 1 (1913); in 6 paṭalas and 150 verses. It declares that Buddha and Vasiṣṭha were Tāntrik sages of old and nine Kaula gurus whose names end in 'nātha' are mentioned; refers to Mahācīnākhya Tantra and provides for devotee (only male) offering his own blood to Tārā.

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*Tārābhaktisudhārṇava*, of Narasiṁha Thakkura, who was 5th in descent from Govinda Thakkura, author of Pradīpa, com. on *Kāvyaprakāśa*; composed about 1680 A. D., ed. by Pancanan Bhattacharya (in Tāntrik Texts vol. XXI, 1940);

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a large work in eleven Tarangas and 435 pages on the worship of Tārā, one of ten vidyās connected with Śakti (not the Buddhist divinity Tārā). The 9th Taranga deals with the horrible rite of Śavasādhana (pp. 345–351).

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*Tārārahasya* of Brahmānanda, pub. by Jivananda (1896); mentions Mahācīna, Nīlatantra, Yoginītantra, Rudrayāmala.

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*Tripurārahasya* of Hārītāyana, with com. called Tātparyadīpikā of Śrīnivāsa; pub. in S. B. series; it is a discourse by Hārītāyana to Nārada. Tārākhanda portion of it is philosophical.

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*Tripurāsārasamuccaya* of Nāgabhatta with the com. of Govindācārya; pub. by Jivananda (1897).

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*Dakṣiṇāmūrti-saṃhitā* on Śrīvidyopāsanā in 65 patalas and about 1700 verses; pub. in S. B. series.

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*Nityāṣoḍaśikārṇava* (part of Vāmakeśvaratantra) with the com. Setubandha by Bhāskararāya (1700–1750 A. D.); pub. by Anan. Press (1944).

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*Nityotsava* of Umānandanātha (who bore the name of Jagannātha before dīkṣā and who was a Mahārāṣṭra brāhmaṇa patronized by the Tanjore Maratha Chief); this is a supplement to Paraśurāmakalpasūtra. Umānandanātha was a pupil of Bhāsurānandanātha (Bhāskararāya before dīkṣā) and composed the work in Kali era ‘rasārṇava-karivedamiteṣu’ (Kali 4846 i. e. 1745 A. D.). It is probable that the word arṇava is used for seven instead of for 4 as usual (i. e. 4876, equal to 1775 A. D.); pub. in G. O. S. (1923).

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*Niṣpannayogāvalī* of Abhayākaragupta, a contemporary of king Rāmapāla of Bengal (1084–1130 A. D.). It is Buddhist. The author was a Professor at the Vikramaśīlā University in Bihar; describes 26 maṇḍalas, each having a central deity and other minor Buddhist deities that sometimes exceed 100 It is valuable for later Buddhism, its pantheon and ritual; pub. in G. O. S. (1949).

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*Paraśurāmakalpasūtra*, with com. Saubhāgyodayā of Rāmeśvara, pub. in G. O. S (1923); earlier than 1300 A. D.; claims to be composed by Paraśurāma, son of Jamadagni and chief disciple of Lord Mahādeva.

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*Pādukāpañcaka*, ed by A Avalon in Tāntrik Texts, vol. II (1913).

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*Pūrānandasūtra*, pub in G. O. S (1931); not earlier than 900 A. D., says Dr. B. Bhattacarya.

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*Prajñopāya-viniścaya-siddhi* of Anangavajra, one of the 84 siddhas venerated in Tibet; Buddhist Vajrayāna work pub in G. O. S. (1929); composed about 705 A. D. acc. to Dr. B. Bhattacharya in Intro. p. XII.

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*Prapañcasāra* (ascribed to Śankarācārya) with com. Vivaraṇa by Padmapāda; pub. in Tāntrik Texts (vol. III) and later a new ed in vol. XVIII-XIX (1939). Vide p. 1105 above. In 36 patalas.

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*Prāṇatoṣinī*, compiled by Rāmatosana Bhattacharya and pub. by Jivananda (Calcutta), it is a very large modern work in 1097 pages.

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*Brahmasaṃhitā*, with the commentary of Jīva Gosvāmī, for Vaisnavas; pub. in Tāntrik texts, vol. XV.

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*Mantramahodadhi* of Mahīdhara with his own commentary, composed in Vikrama year 1645 (1588-89) A. D.; pub. by Jīv and Venk. Press.

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*Mahānirvāṇatantra*, with the com. of Hariharānanda Bhāratī. It is a leading but late work on Tantra, published very often, ed. by A Avalon in Tāntrik Texts, vol. XIII in 14 *Ullāsas* as the first part; the ed. of 1929 by Ganesh & Co. has been used in this work; the third ed of 1953 differs slightly here and there.

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*Mātṛkā-cakra-viveka* of Svatantrānandanātha, with the com. of Śivānanda; pub. in S. B. series, 1934.

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*Māheśvaratantra*, in 51 patalas and 3060 verses (pub. in Ch. S S.); mentions that Tantras are 64 (1. 15 and 26. 11) and names 25 Vaisnava tantras (26. 16-20) and holds that Bauddha tantras are misleading and meant for cruel rites (26 21-22).

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*Merutantra*, extensive work in 35 chapters, 821 pages and about 16000 verses, pub. by Venk. Press, Bombay, 1908.

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*Yoginītantra*, published by Jivananda; q. by Raghunandana in *Ekādaśītattva* p. 58.

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*Yoginīhṛdaya*—the last three chapters of Nityāṣodaśikārṇava (VI-VIII) are so called.

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*Yoginīhṛdayadīpikā* of Amṛtānandanātha, disciple of Puṇyānandanātha, pub. in S. B. series, 1923; about 10th or 11th century A. D.

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*Rudrayāmalatantra*, ed. by Jivananda (2nd ed. in 1892). A very extensive work in 66 chapters and in over 6000 verses (mostly in Anuṣṭubh metre), supposed to have been declared by Bhairavī to Bhairava (Śiva). It was said to be a huge work in a lakh and a quarter ślokas, e. g. D. C. ms. No. 667 (i) of 1895-1902 called Dhanadāpuraścaraṇavidhi states in the colophon that it is part of the Rudrayāmala (iti Rudrayāmala-sapādalakṣagrantho ... Kiṅkiṇī-tantrokta-Dhanadā-puraścaraṇa-vidhiḥ, BORI cat. of mss., vol. XVI. on Tantra p. 247).

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Lalitāsahasranāma with the com. Saubhāgyabhāskara of Bhāskararāya son of Gambhīrarāya, minister of the Bijapur Moslem king, written in *saṁvat* 1785 i. e. 1729 A. D.; Nir. ed. of 1935.

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*Vārivasyārahasya* of Bhāskararāya (called Bhāsurānandanātha after dīkṣā) with his own com. called Prakāśa. He flourished between 1700-1750 A. D.; pub. at Adyar, 1934.

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*Viṣṇu-saṁhitā* in 30 paṭalas; pub. in T. S. S. 1925.

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*Śaktisaṅgamatantra*, in four parts, viz. Kālī, Tārā, Sundarī and Chinnamastā; three parts dealing with the first three pub. in G. O. S.; between 1505-1607 A. D. Vide Poona Orientalist, vol. XXI. pp. 47-49 (between 1530-1700 A. D ).

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*Śaktisūtra*—Vide Sarasvatībhavana Studies, vol. X. (pp. 182-187); has 113 sūtras and com. on 19 sūtras; attributed to Agastya by the commentary, the sūtra mentions Jaimini and Vyāsa.

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*Śāktapramoda* (a recent work), compiled by Śrīrājadevanandanasimha, chief of Śivahara; pub by Venk. Press, 1951; contains 17 tantras viz. Kālītantra, tantras called Ṣoḍaśī, Bhuvanēśvarī, Chinnamastā, Tripurabhairavī, Dhūmavatī, Bagalāmukhī, Mātangī, Kamalātmikā, Kumārikā, Balidānakrama, Durgā, Śiva, Gaṇeśa, Sūrya, Viṣṇu.

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*Śāradātilaka* of Lakṣmaṇa-deśikendra (disciple of Utpala); one of the most famous works on tantra. Aufrecht (p. 64) enumerates several commentaries, the most learned and lucid of which is the Padārthādarśa of Rāghavabhaṭṭa, composed in *saṁvat* 1550 (i. e. 1493-94 A. D.). Rāghavabhaṭṭa hailed from Mahārāṣṭra and was a resident of town Janasthāna (Pañcavaṭī) on the banks of the Godāvarī; pub. in Kashi S. S. and in Tāntrik Texts, vol. XVI and XVII. Śāradātilaka was composed about the 11th century A. D. Raghunandana expressly names Rāghavabhaṭṭa as the commentator of the Śāradātilaka in Jyotistattva p. 580.

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*Śrīcakrasambhāratantra*—A Buddhist work; Tibetan text and English translation by Lama Kazi Dawa Samdup, and edited in Tāntrik Texts, vol. VII by A. Avalon, 1919.

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*Śyāmārahasya* of Pūrnānanda in 16 chapters, ed. by Jivananda; 16th century A. D.

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*Sat-cakra-nirūpana*, of Pūrnānanda in 55 verses, pub. in Tāntrik Texts, vol. II; composed śaka 1499 (i. e. 1577-78 A. D. ).

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*Sanatkumāra-tantra*—is a dialogue between Sanatkumāra and Pulastya in eleven patalas and about 375 verses Published by Jyestharam Mukundji in Bombay in 1905. It is a mixture of Yoga and tāntrik technique and inculcates the worship of Krsna in Tāntrik bījas like 'klīm, gauṁ &c'.

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*Sādhanamālā*, published in two volumes in G O S. with a long Intro to vol II by Dr B. Bhattacharya; contains 312 Sādhanas, many of which are anonymous and are known to Tibetan Kangyur; Dr Bhattacharya states that the Sādhanas range in dates from third century A. D. to 12th century A. D. Winternitz, in I. H. Q. vol IX (pp. 5-6), does not accept the view that the Prajñāpāramitāsādhana was composed by Asanga.

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*Sāmrājya lakṣmī-pīṭhikā*—said to be part of Ākāśa-bhairava Mahātantra, published in Tanjore Sarasvati Mahal Series in 139 chapters, of which the first 30 are connected with mantra, japa, homa,; chapters 31 ff deal in detail with departments of State, coronation (chap 43 ff) and festivals like those of New Year, Rāmanavamī, Navarātra, &c.

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*Sekoddeśaṭīkā*—a Buddhist work of Śrīnāḍapāda,; text ed. by Mario E. Carelli in G. O. S. with an Intro. in English.

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*Saundaryalaharī*, ascribed to the great Śaṅkarācārya, has numerous commentaries; ed by Sir John Woodroffe and pub. at Adyar (1937); ed. of 1957 with three commentaries and English translation published by Ganesh & Co. Madras. There is an excellent edition of this work in 100 verses (text, English translation by Prof. W. Norman Brown, Harvard University Press, 1958).

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*Śrīvidyāratnasūtra*, attributed to Gauḍapāda (in 101 sūtras) with the commentary of Śaṅkarācārya, pupil of Vidyāraṇya.

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on 21 sūtras; ed. by Pandit Gopinatha Kaviraja in S. B Texts series, Benares (1924).

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*Haṁsavilāsa*, of Haṁsamitthu; pub. in G. O. S. (1937); the author was born in Gujarat in Vikrama year 1794 on Phālguna Full moon day (1738 A D.). Though not a purely Tāntrik work it quotes many Tāntrik works such as the Kulārṇava (pp 68-76), Kaularahasya (p 104), Yoginītantra (p 103), Śāradātilaka (pp. 84-85, 105 ff) It deals with many other topics such as figures of speech, erotic subjects

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*Hevajratantra*, edited and translated by Dr D. L Snellgrove (Oxford University Press, 1959), in two parts This work came to the author's hands while this Appendix was passing through the Press Part I (pub in 1959) contains Introduction (pp. 1-46), English translation (pp. 47-119), contents (pp 121-125), diagrams (pp 126-129), Glossary (pp. 131-141) and Index (pp 142-190); Part II contains Sanskrit texts and Tibetan texts based on a Nepalese ms. lent by Prof. Tucci; com. called Yogaratnamālā by Pandita Kānha has been included from an old Bengali ms. The editor holds (part I p. 14) that Hevajratantra was in existence towards the end of 8th century A. D. and that Advayavajrasaṅgraha and Sekoddeśaṭīkā borrow from Hevajra-tantra. Sādhanamālā No 229 (two opening verses) are the same as Hevajra II. 8. 6-7 Hevajra is an invocation of vajra. On p. 11 part I the editor questions how the yogins could call themselves Buddhists when they experienced enlightenment in the embrace of a yoginī Part I p. 70 mentions Jālandhara, Oḍḍiyāna, Paurṇagiri as pīṭhas and several upapīṭhas, upakṣetras. The term Śakti does not occur in Hevajra but its place is taken by Prajñā Part II verses 11-15 p. 98 express how the followers of this tantra had sexual experiences with women called mudrās and how thereby they secured *siddhi*. Part I p 54 contains ritual for gaining mastery over a young woman. Part II p. 2 states 'Hekāreṇa mahākaruṇā vajraṁ Prajñā ca bhaṇyate; Prajñopāyātmakaṁ tantraṁ tan-me nigaditaṁ sṛṇu'. This is a very valuable addition to the literature on Tantra and has been very well edited.

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Some important works and papers on Tantra—vide also note 1687 for works on Śakti cult.

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Catalogue of Palm-leaf and some paper mss. in the Durbar Library of Nepal, by M. M. H. P. Sastri (1905)

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Tārānāth's History of Buddhism in India (translated into Germān by A. Schiefner (St. Petersburg, 1869). Portions were translated into English in I. A. IV. 101 ff. and 361 ff.

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'Lamaism' by L A. Waddell (Allen & Co., London, 1895).

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'History of Buddhism in India and Tibet' by Bu-ston translated from Tibetan by Dr. E Obermiller.

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Descriptive catalogue of mss in the Library of Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. VIII (deals with 648 mss. on Tantra in 892 pages).

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Bhandarkar's Vaisṇavism, Śaivism &c (in collected works, vol. IV. pp. 202-210 on Śāktas)

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Tantra of the Great Liberation (translation of the Mahānirvāna Tantra) with Introduction and commentary by Arthur Avalon (1913).

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Tāntrik Texts edited by A. Avalon, vol. I-XXII, Introductions, notes, analysis &c.

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The Serpent Power by A. Avalon (1914), containing translation of Ṣaṭ-cakranirūpaṇa and Pādukāpañcaka (5th ed. of 1953, by Ganesh & Co, Madras).

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'Principles of Tantra' parts 1 and 2, ed by A. Avalon (1914, 1916) with a long Introduction to part 2.

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'Wave of Bliss'—translation of Ānanda-laharī (first fortyone verses of Saundarya-laharī) and comments by Sir John Woodroffe (1917)

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'Wave of Beauty'—translation of Saundarya-laharī (with text and commentaries) pub. by Ganesh & Co. (Madras, 1957).

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'Chakras' by Right Rev. C W. Leadbeater (Adyar, 1927) with plates

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'Śivasaṁhitā'—translation of—by Shrischandra Vidyarnava

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'Thirty minor Upanishads' translated by K. Narayanswami Aiyar.

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'Mysterious Kuṇḍalinī' by Dr. V. G Rele (1927).

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'Śakti or Divine Power' by Dr. Sudhendu Kumar Das (Uni. of Calcutta, 1934).

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P. C. Bagchi's Introduction to Kaulajñāna-nirṇaya (Calcutta Sanskrit Series, 1934).

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'Tibetan Yoga and secret doctrines' by W. Y. Evans-Wentz (Oxford Uni Press, 1935).

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P. C. Bagchi's 'Studies in Tantras' (Cal. Uni. 1939).

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Dr B. Bhattacharya's Introduction to Sādhanamālā vol. II. (G. O. S.) pp. XI-LXXVII; the same scholar's Introduction to Guhyasamājatantra (G. O. S) and 'Introduction to Buddhist Esoterism' (Oxford University Press, 1932).

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'Philosophy of Tripurā Tantra' by M. M. Gopinath Kaviraja in Sarasvati Bhavan Studies (1934), vol. IX. pp. 85-98.

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'Some aspects of the philosophy of Śākta Tantra' by M. M. Gopinath Kaviraja in Sarasvati Bhavan Studies, 1938 vol. X. pp. 21-27.

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'Buddhist Tantra Literature' by Prof. S. K. De in New Indian Antiquary, vol. I. pp. 1-23.

v7.c92.s1.94

'Influence of Tantras on the Tattvas of Raghunandana' in I. H. Q. IX (1933), pp 678-704 by Prof. R. C. Hazra.

v7.c92.s1.95

'Influence of Tantra in Smrtinibandhas' in ABORI vol. 15 pp. 220-235 and vol. XVI. pp. 203-211 by Prof. R. C. Hazra.

v7.c92.s1.96

'The Tāntric Doctrine of Divine bi-unity' by A K. Coomaraswamy in A. B. O. R. I. vol 19 pp. 173-183;

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'Comparative and critical study of Mantraśāstra' by Shri Mohanlal Bhagavandas Jhavery (1944);

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Prof. Chintaharan Chakravarti's following Papers: 'Antiquity of Tāntricism' in I. H Q, vol VI pp 114 ff; 'Controversy regarding the authorship of Tantras' in Prof K. B. Pathak commemoration volume pp 210-220; 'A note on the age and authorship of the Tantras' in Journal and Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, New Series, vol XXIX (1933) No 1 pp. 71-79; 'Ideals of Tantra rites' I H. Q. vol X. pp 468 ff; 'Śākta festivals of Bengal and their antiquity' in I. H Q. vol 27 (1951) pp. 255-260; 'Application of Vedic Mantras in Tāntrik rites' in J. A. S B, Letters, vol 18 (1952) pp. 113-115; 'Kālī worship in Bengal' Adyar Library Bulletin, vol XXI, parts 3-4 pp 296-303;

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'Tantras, their philosophy and occult secrets' by D. N. Bose (Calcutta, Oriental Publishing Co.);

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'Vajra and the Vajrasattva' by Dr. S. B. Das-Gupta in 'Indian Culture' vol. VIII. pp. 23-32;

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'Introduction to Tāntrik Buddhism' by Dr. S. B. Das Gupta (Calcutta, 1950);

v7.c92.s1.102

'Philosophies of India' by Heinrich Zimmer (1951) pp. 560-602;

v7.c92.s1.103

'The Veda and the Tantra' by Shri T. V. Kapali Sastry (Madras, 1951) pp. 1-255;

v7.c92.s1.104

'Yuganaddha' (which literally means 'bound together or yoked together' in the case of opposites) 'the Tāntrik view of Life' by Dr. Herbert V. Guenther in Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series, Banaras, 'Studies' vol. III (1952);

v7.c92.s1.105

The following articles in the Cultural Heritage of India vol. IV, viz. 'Evolution of the Tantras,' by Dr. P. C. Bagchi pp. 211-226; 'Tantra as a way of realization' by Swami Pratyagatmananda, pp. 227-240; 'The Spirit and Culture of the Tantras' pp. 241-251 by Mr. Atal Behari Ghosh; 'Śakti Cult in South India' by Shri K. R. Venkataraman, pp. 252-259; Tāntrik culture among the Buddhists' by Dr. B. Bhattacharya pp. 260-272; 'The cult of the Buddhist Siddhāchāryas' pp. 273-279 by Prof. P. V. Bapat.

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'Lights on the Tantra' by M. P. Pandit (published by Ganesh & Co., Madras, 1957) This is a booklet of 54 pages of text and pp. 55-71 of notes containing hardly anything valuable of the author's own; over three-fourths of it consists of long quotations from the works of Woodroffe (particularly from 'Śhakti and Śhākta'), Sri Aurobindo and Shri Kapali Sastry and is here and there marked by bold and unwarranted assertions such as 'It is the central truths of the Tantra thought and ritual that form the backbone of the Hindu religion today' (p. 33). The present author repudiates totally this assertion. The author of this booklet has to admit that in the case of the Tāntrik cult that abuse of the body of occult knowledge for malevolent purposes instead of for the material and spiritual advancement of man and the vulgarization of the profound rationale of the mystic ritual are deplorable deformations (p 36), that there has doubtless been a gross misuse of the knowledge developed by this science and that spurious texts have sprung up (p. 21).

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‘History of Philosophy, Eastern and Western’ ed by Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, vol I pp 401–428 on ‘Exposition of Śākta belief’ by M M Gopinath Kaviraj (1953)

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‘Yoga, immortality and freedom’ by Mircea Eliade translated from French by Willard Trask (pub. by Routledge, Kegan, Paul, London, 1958), pp 200–273 for ‘Yoga and Tāntrism’.

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‘Tibetan Book of the Dead’ by Dr. W Y. Evans-Wentz (3rd ed., Oxford University Press, 1957).

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‘Tibetan Yoga’ by Bernard Bromage (2nd ed. 1959 by Aquarium Press)—deals with magical and religious practices of Tibetans, spells, and exercises which are deemed to produce supernatural powers.

Linked texts (58)