[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [Studies in Ancient Hindu Polity (Based on the Arthashastra of Kautilya), Vol. I](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.law-1914) › c3.76 # Studies in Ancient Hindu Polity (Based on the Arthashastra of Kautilya), Vol. I c3.76 Studies in Ancient Hindu Polity (Based on the Arthaśāstra of Kauṭilya), Vol. I c3.76 - **Language:** English ### [c3.76](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.law-1914.c3.76) 2. “Some superintend the rivers, measure the land . . . and inspect the sluices by which water is let out from the main canals into their branches.” Kauṭilya also mentions provisions for irrigation under the Superintendent of the Admiralty \[नावध्यक्ष\] for inspection of rivers and watercourses. He also refers to canals and sluices, as in the passage “सेतुभ्योमृगततोयमपारेवदप्योषम्,” etc. \[Bk. III, ch. x, 61\], and mentions four modes of irrigation, viz. irrigation by hand \[हस्तप्रावर्तिम\], by water carried on shoulders \[स्कन्धप्रावर्तिम\], by mechanical contrivances \[स्रोत-यन्त्रप्रावर्तिम\], and by water from tanks, wells and rivers \[नदीसरस्तडाकूपोद्घाटम्\]. In the following passage, “वातप्रवर्तिमवर्षिविषायसनतडाककेदारााराम-षण्डवापानां . . .” there is perhaps a reference to the raising of water from wells and tanks by bullocks, and also to devices worked by wind-power, \*i.e.\* windmills. - [Previous: c3.75](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.law-1914.c3.75) - [Next: c3.77](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.law-1914.c3.77) - [Up: c3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.law-1914.c3) ## Cites (1) - [Kauṭilīya Arthaśāstra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.artha.kautilya) — Kauṭilya, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.law-1914.c3.76](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.law-1914.c3.76) · Pramāṇa