Sexual Life in Ancient India: A Study in the Comparative History of Indian Culture v2.c10: Front matter

Sexual Life in Ancient India: A Study in the Comparative History of Indian Culture v2.c10

Language: English

Front matter

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The Broadway Oriental Library *Edited by* CLEMENT EGERTON

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The Broadway Oriental Library *Edited by* CLEMENT EGERTON

Women under Primitive Buddhism *by* I. B. HORNER Sexual Life in Ancient India *by* J. J. MEYER The Political Philosophy of Confucius *by* LEONARD S. HSU Feasts and Songs of Ancient China *by* PROFESSOR M. GRANET *Other Volumes in Preparation* [Ornamental rule]

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SEXUAL LIFE IN ANCIENT INDIA

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A STUDY IN THE COMPARATIVE HISTORY OF INDIAN CULTURE

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*by* JOHANN JAKOB MEYER

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VOLUME TWO

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LONDON GEORGE ROUTLEDGE & SONS, LTD. BROADWAY HOUSE: 68-74 CARTER LANE, E.C. 1930

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[Ornamental rule]

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PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY STEPHEN AUSTIN AND SONS, LTD., HERTFORD.

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X.—LOVE

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| | | PAGE |
| *a.* | *In the Epic, too, there are splendid poems on love.* | 277 |
| *b.* | *Tales of the man's romantic love (Śāntanu and Satyavatī, Saṃvaraṇa and Tapatī, Ruru and Pramadvarā)* | 278 |
| *c.* | *The love romance of the giant maiden Hiḍimbā* | 291 |
| *d.* | *Rāma's love lament and sorrow for the lost Sītā* | 295 |
| *e.* | *Bhīma's chivalry towards Draupadī (his search for the golden flower, his revenge on Kīcaka, etc.)* | 298 |
| *f.* | *The wild and heedless love life of the man (the woman only a booty, the holy man as host of love, wife robbery and the ministering to pleasure among the gods, the enjoyment of many women the man's ideal, the rewarding of virtue with women in heaven* | 315 |
| *g.* | *Places and opportunities for love (parks, woods, picnics)* | 322 |
| *h.* | *Arousing love :—* | |
| | *(i) Heady drink, and festivals and sacrificial feasts enlivened by it, the unabashed participation of women in the joys of drinking, the amorous effects of intoxication in women* | 324 |
| | *(ii) The things of nature (spring glories, beauties of nature, forest, bird-song, wind, etc.)* | 328 |
| | *(iii) Love-charms* | 330 |
| *i.* | *Love is the highest good* | 331 |
| *k.* | *Love is all-powerful and does away with responsibility* | 332 |
| *l.* | *It robs of shame and virtue* | 333 |
| *m.* | *It is the root of pain and death* | 333 |
| *n.* | *It must be enjoyed in moderation* | 333 |
| *o.* | *Macrobiotic rules for love and marriage* | 333 |
| *p.* | *Love must be on both sides and is given to the person present* | 334 |
| *q.* | *The woman in love goes to the tryst in the man's house* | 335 |
| *r.* | *Explanation of concepts, phallolatry, and some erotic details* | 338 |

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XI.—WOMAN AS WIFE

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| | | PAGE |
| *a.* | *Character and praise of the true wife* | 340 |
| *b.* | *“The dignity of women”—the lofty and hard task of the woman* | 344 |
| *c.* | *The faithful wife stands above the holy penitent* | 347 |
| *d.* | *She can work miracles* | 350 |
| *e.* | *She has her reward in the beyond* | 350 |
| *f.* | *The stern demands on the wife (the husband the only law for the wife)* | 351 |
| *g.* | *Examples of exacting husbands* | 352 |
| *h.* | *Examples of wives who find it too much* | 355 |
| *i.* | *Three examples of wifely faithfulness* | 356 |

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XII.—WOMAN AS CHILD-BEARER: THE ORIGIN OF MAN, PHYSIOLOGICALLY AND METAPHYSICALLY

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| *a.* | *Physiological origin and discharge of the male seed* | 359 |
| *b.* | *Metaphysics of procreation and fœtus formation :* | |
| | *(i) The relation and action of the reincarnated soul and the karman* | 361, 366 |
| | *(ii) The action of matter (prakṛti)* | 364 |
| *c.* | *Physiological origin and stages of growth of the womb's fruit* | 364 |
| *d.* | *Origin of the senses and their instruments* | 363 |
| *e.* | *The continuous change in all elements of the human organism* | 364 |
| *f.* | *Woman the cause of procreation and of the Saṃsāra* | 365 |
| *g.* | *Which parts of the body come from the father, which from the mother, and whom do the children take after?* | 369 |
| *h.* | *Influence on the character through unlawful begetting, and the fivefold way whereby gods can beget* | 370 |
| *i.* | *Pregnancy and cases of its extraordinarily long period* | 371 |
| *k.* | *Condemnation of pregnancy in too early years, and of fœtus-slaying* | 372 |
| *l.* | *Pregnancy of the man* | 372 |
| *m.* | *Generatio aequivoca* | 374 |
| *n.* | *Tales of changes in sex* | 376 |

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XIII.—WOMAN LYING IN

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| *a.* | *Her uncleanness, and the demons dangerous to her and the child* | 391 |
| *b.* | *Means for warding off harmful influences and powers* | 396 |

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XIV.—WOMAN IN THE HOUSE

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PAGE *a.* *The spiteful holy man, and the equally so cooking-pot* . . 400 *b.* *The canonization of the careful cooking-woman (the “super-natural flow of time” and “the feet in the fire”* . . 401 *c.* *The house-mother must keep good order* . . 402 *d.* *Is she mistress of the house?* . . 403 *e.* *The beautiful relation between daughter-in-law and mother-in-law* . . 404

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XV.—THE WIDOW AND HER BITTER LOT

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*a.* *Her material position* . . 406 *b.* *A fresh marriage forbidden* . . 407 *c.* *“Widowhood is the greatest sorrow”* . . 410 *d.* *Widow-burning* . . 412 *e.* *Dead husbands, brothers, etc. magically seen once more* . . 415 *f.* *Intercourse and children begotten with the dead husband* . . 416

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XVI.—WOMAN IN MISFORTUNE AND IN SORROW

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*a.* *Draupadī’s grief at Arjuna’s going away* . . 419 *b.* *Kuntī’s sorrow when her sons go off into banishment* . . 419 *c.* *The women’s lament for those fallen in battle* . . 419 *d.* *Sītā’s sorrow when she believes Rāma dead* . . 422 *e.* *Her wifely love and stout heart at Rāma’s banishment* . . 423 *f.* *Her sufferings and heroism in captivity* . . 424

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XVII.—THE IDEAL WOMAN

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*a.* *Sītā, Sāvitrī, etc.* . . 427 *b.* *Composite picture of the character of the pattern woman* . . 427 *c.* *Beauty (catalogue of the woman’s bodily attractions, their importance for the owner’s happiness)* . . 430

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XVIII.—THE WOMAN OF ENERGY

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*a.* *The woman in the East and particularly in India is stronger-willed and more passionate than the man, above all in the business of love* . . 436 *b.* *The passionate and strong-willed Draupadī* . . 440 *c.* *Kuntī fierily spurring on (the words of Vidulā)* . . 457 *d.* *The ambitious and revengeful goddess* . . 463

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PAGE *a.* Her share in important things . . . . 464 *b.* Women's rule in the state . . . . 465 *c.* The wife goes, too, to the fight, the hunt, etc. . 466 *d.* Woman and the festival : amusements and diversions of the women . . . . . . 467 *e.* Women's journeyings . . . . . 470 *f.* The harem or polygamy :—
(i) Polygamy is right for the man, wrong for the woman 471
(ii) Duties of the man with many wives (the partial moon) . . . . . . 471
(iii) The passed-over wife of the polygamist (Kauçalyā, Devayānī and her son) . . . . 473
(iv) Enmity between wives . . . . 474
(v) The sorrow of the wife when another is taken . 476
(vi) Harem life in town and camp . . . 478 *g.* The watch over women, and how but one in the world has been kept from evil by another man . . 480 *h.* The treatment of woman :—
(i) She must be lovingly cherished and cared for by the man . . . . . . 486
(ii) The husband must not let himself be kept by the wife 487
(iii) The dreadfulness of woman-slaying . . 487
(iv) The woman must not be beaten, handled badly, nor forced . . . . . . 489
(v) On lying to women and deceiving them . . 490
(vi) Various rules for behaviour towards women . 492
(vii) The woman in sulks . . . . 494

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XX.—THE WORTH AND NATURE OF WOMAN *a.* “Honour women,” who are the springs of happiness . 495 *b.* Woman is the essence of all evil . . . 496 *c.* Is insatiable in the joys of love, and always unchaste . 497 *d.* Is full of falsehood and trickery . . . 499 *e.* Bad women are made that heaven shall not be over-filled 499 *f.* Woman is changeable, does not love at all, etc. . 500

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*g. Is evil and sorrow . . . . . . 502* *h. Is ill-tempered and quarrelsome . . . 503* *i. Is ruthlessly curious . . . . . 503* *k. Is compassionate, at least often . . . 504* *l. Can be redeemed . . . . . . 506*

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XXI.—WOMAN IS A CHATTEL

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*a. Women (girls) as gifts and fees for sacrifice . . 508* *b. Woman (the daughter) given so as to save oneself . 510* *c. The yielding up of the daughter or the wife to Brahmans as a highly meritorious deed . . . 511* *d. The satisfaction of the guest's needs of sex (through slave-woman, daughter, wife); “the man that overcame death” . . . . . . 512* *e. The wife for one's friend . . . . 517* *f. The wife as property . . . . . 518* *g. The wife's adultery is an offence against property, is therefore punished by the husband . . . 520* *h. Rāma's treatment of the supposedly besmirched Sītā . 525* *i. Woman, the wife also, can easily be got, is an unimportant object of the senses . . . . 530*

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XXII.—THE POWER OF WOMAN

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*a. Influence of the woman on war and peace . . 534* *b. Wherein lies woman's power? (Tears, smiles, attractive wiles, etc., qualities of character) . . . 535* *c. How does the woman ensure the love and devotion of her husband? (Magic, pious works, the right bearing towards her husband) . . . . . 536* *d. The might of woman's beauty . . . . 539* *e. Woman overcomes even the savage giant (the inseparable demon-brothers Sunda and Upasunda) . . 539* *f. The woman and the innocent forest youth (Rishyaçringa) . 540*