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The State in Ancient India: A Study in the Structure and Practical Working of Political Institutions in North India in Ancient Times c22: Bibliography

The State in Ancient India: A Study in the Structure and Practical Working of Political Institutions in North India in Ancient Times c22

Language
English

Contents

Bibliography

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¹ The minor works, referred to in the text, are not included in this Bibliography.

I. Vedic Literature

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*Rigveda*, Samhitâ and Pada text with Sâyaṇa's commentary. Edited by F. Max Müller. 2nd Edition, 1890–2.

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——— Samhitâ text only. Edited by Th. Aufrecht 2nd Edition. Bonn, 1877.

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——— Translation by R. T. H. Griffith, Benares, 1896–7. In part only, by Max Müller in the Sacred Books of the East Series, Vol. XXXII, Oxford, 1891, and in part by H Oldenberg, Ibid., Vol. XLVI, 1897.

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Kaegi, A. The *Rigveda* Translated by R. Arrow Smith. Boston, 1886.

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Muir, J. Original Sanskrit Texts, Vol V, 3rd Edition, 1884.

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*Sâmaveda*, Edition with translation by Th. Benfey, Leipzig, 1848; by Satyavrata Sâmaśrami, Calcutta, 1873.

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——— Translation by Griffith, Benares, 1893.

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*Yajurveda*:—Taittirîya Samhitâ. Edited by A. Weber, Berlin, 1871–2; with the commentary of Mâdhava Calcutta, 1854–9. Kaṭhak Samhitâ. Edited by L. Von Schroeder Leipzig, 1900–11.

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Maitrâyaṇî Samhitâ. Edited by Schroeder. Leipzig, 1881–6. Vâjasaneyi Samhitâ, with Mahîdhara's Commentary. Edited by Weber. London, 1852.

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Translation by Griffith, Benares, 1899, and by A. B. Keith, Cambridge (Mass.), 1914.

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*Atharva Veda*, Samhitâ text. Edited by R. Roth and W.D. Whitney. Berlin, 1856.

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——— Samhitâ and Pada text, with Sâyaṇa's Commentary. Edited by Śaṅkara P. Pandit. Bombay, 1895–8.

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——— Translation by R. T. H. Griffith, Benares, 1897; W. D. Whitney (with additions by Lanman), Cambridge (Massachusetts), 1905; in part, by M. Bloomfield in the Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XLII. Oxford, 1897.

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*Aitareya Brâhmaṇa*. Edited by Th. Aufrecht, Bonn, 1879 (best edition). Also edited and translated by Haug, 2 volumes, Bombay, 1863.

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*Aitareya Āraṇyaka*. Edited with translation by A. B. Keith. Oxford, 1909.

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*Kauṣitaki Brāhmaṇa*. Edited by B. Lindner, Jena, 1887.

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*Śaṅkhāyana Āraṇyaka*. Edited by Keith, Oxford, 1909 (Bks. VII--XV); by Friedländer, Berlin, 1900 (Bks. I-II); by E. B. Cowell, Calcutta, 1861 (Bks. III--VI = Kauṣitaki Brāhmaṇa Upaniṣad).

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——Translation by Keith, London, 1908

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*Pañcaviṃśa Brāhmaṇa*. Edited by A. Vedāntavāgīśa, Calcutta, 1869--74

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*Jaiminīya or Talavakāra Brāhmaṇa*; the Upaniṣad Brāhmaṇa. Edited by H. Oertel with translation and notes, Journal of the American Oriental Society, XVI, pp. 79 -260.

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*Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa*. Edited by Rājendra Lāla Mitra, Calcutta, 1855 70; N. Godbole, Poona, 1898.

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*Taittirīya Āraṇyaka*. Edited by H. N. Apte, Poona, 1898.

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*Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa*. Edited by A. Weber, London, 1855

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——Translation by J Eggeling S. B E., Bks. XII, XXVI, XLI, XLIII, XLIV, Oxford, 1882--1900.

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*Gopatha Brāhmaṇa*. Edited by Rājendra Lāla Mitra and H. Vidyābhūṣaṇa, Calcutta, 1872.

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*Brihadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad*. Edited with translation by O. Böhtlingk, Leipzig, 1889.

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*Chandogya Upaniṣad*. Ibid.

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*Kāṭhaka Upaniṣad*. Edited by Apte. Poona, 1889.

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All the principal Upaniṣads have been translated by F. Max Müller in the S. B. E., Vols. I and XV.

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*Bloomfield, M.* The Atharva Veda. Strassburg, 1899 (in Bühler's Encyclopedia).

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*Hopkins, E. W.* Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, XV. 21 sq. (on the Pañcaviṃśa Brāhmaṇa).

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*Macdonell, A. A. and Keith, A. B.* Vedic Index, 1912.

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*Macdonell, A. A.* Vedic Mythology, Strassburg, 1897.

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*Bloomfield, M.* The Religion of the Veda. New York, 1908.

II. The Sūtras

A. Śrauta Sūtras

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*Śaṅkhāyana Śrauta Sūtra*. Edited, together with the commentary of Varadattasuta Ānatīya, by Alfred Hillebrandt (Bibliotheca Indica). Calcutta, 1888.

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*Baudhâyana Śrauta Sûtra*, belonging to the Taittirîya Samhitâ. Ed. W. Caland. Calcutta, 1904. *Śrauta Sûtra of Âpastamba*, belonging to the Taittirîya Samhitâ. Edited with the commentary of Rudradatta by Richard Garbe. Calcutta, 1882 *Śrauta Sûtra of Lâtyâyana*. Edited with the commentary of Agnisvâmî, by Ânandachandra Vedântavâgîśa (Bibliotheca Indica). Calcutta, 1872.

B. Gṛihya Sūtras

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*Mânava Gṛihya Sûtra*. Ed. F. Knauer. St. Petersburg, 1897. *Pâraskara Gṛihya Sûtra*. Ed. A. F Stenzler. Leipzig, 1876. *Âśvalâyana Gṛihya Sûtra*. Ed. A. F. Stenzler. Leipzig, 1864. *Khâdira Gṛihya Sûtra*. Ed. and tr. Oldenberg, S. B. E., XXIX. *Gobhila Gṛihya Sûtra*. Ed. F. Knauer. Dorpat, 1884. *Śânkhâyana Gṛihya Sûtra*. Ed. Oldenberg, in Ind. Stud XV.

C. Dharma Sūtras

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*Gautama Dharma Śâstra* (Sûtra). Ed. Stenzler. London, 1876. *Baudhâyana Dharma Śâstra*. Ed. E. Hultzsch. Leipzig, 1884. *Âpastambîya Dharma Sûtra*. Ed. Bühler, Bombay, 1868 and 1872 (in two parts). *Vâsiṣṭha Dharma Sûtra*. Ed A. Führer. Bombay, 1883. Translations in S. B. E., Vols. II and XIV.

III. The Epics

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*The Bṛihaddevatâ*, edited and translated by A. A. Macdonell. Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1904.

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The texts of the epics, the Mahâbhârata and the Râmâyaṇa, have come down in various recensions, but no one edition can be said to be wholly accurate.

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The Calcutta edition of the *Mahâbhârata* (1834—9) includes the Harivamśa. The Bombay edition (1888) does not contain it and also differs in some places from the Calcutta edition. The text handed down by South Indian tradition and published at Kombakonam differs substantially from the northern recensions. It has been published in Bombay, 1906—10. The northern texts are in general use. The earliest surviving, though fragmentary, commentary on the Mahâbhârata is that by Sarvajña Nârâyaṇa, going back at least to the 14th century A.D. The best known is that of Nîlakaṇṭha, 16th century A.D.

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*The Rāmāyaṇa* text has a similar history. The Bengal text, without the last book, was published by G. Gorresio in Paris, 1843–50. The Bombay edition, with the complete text, appeared in 1895. The South Indian readings given in another edition (published in Bombay, 1905) do not materially differ from the above edition.

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*Translations.* The Mahābhārata in the northern recension was translated into English by P. C. Ray in Calcutta, 1883–96; also by M. N. Dutta (Calcutta, 1896). R. C. Dutta published an abridged translation (London, 1899). P. C. Ray’s translation has been generally followed in the text.

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G. Gorresio edited the epic with an Italian translation in 1843–67.

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A beautiful commentary was published by Jacobi (Bonn, 1893).

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R. T. H. Griffith published an abridged translation (Benares, 1895).

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J. Muir’s Original Sanskrit Texts (London, 1868–84) gives copious extracts from the religious chapters of the epics.

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Hopkins, E. W. The Great Epic of India, and India Old and New (New York, 1901).

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—— J.A.O.S., Vol. XIII, 1888, for the social and military position of the ruling caste.

IV. Arthaśāstras

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*Arthaśāstra of Kauṭalya.* Edited by R. Shamasastry, Mysore, 1909. The Ms. came from a village near Conjeevaram in Tāmflakam—Translation by the same, Bks. I–IV, Mysore, 1908. Bks. V–XV, Ind. Antiquary, 1909-10. Complete in one work. Bangalore, 1915; second edition, 1919.

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*Jolly and Schmidt’s Edition of the Arthaśāstra*, with the Nayacandrikā Commentary on a section of the work, has been published in the Puñjāb Sanskrit Series (Lahore, 1925); Gaṇapati Śāstri’s edition with a commentary of his own in the Trivandrum Sanskrit Series.

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*Kāmandaka’s* work is styled *Nitisāra* but it is for the most part a summary of Kauṭalya. The Nitisāra, with the Jayamaṅgala Commentary by Śaṅkarārya has been edited by Gaṇapati Śāstri and published in the Trivandrum Sanskrit Series 1912.

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*The Bārhaspatya Sūtra* has been edited and translated by F. W. Thomas in the Puñjāb Sanskrit Series, 1921. It appeared at first in Le Museon, 1916, pp. 131–166.

V. Dharma Śāstras

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*The Mānava Dharma Śāstra*. Edited by N. N. Mandalik with commentaries, Bombay, 1886; by J. Jolly, London, 1887. Earlier editions appeared at Calcutta, 1813; London, 1825; and at Paris in 1830.

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Translations First by Sir W. Jones; by Bühler in S. B. E., Vol. XV, with an excellent introduction; and by A. C. Burnell and E. W. Hopkins (London, 1884). By Gaṅgā Nātha Jhā, with the commentary of Medhātithi, Calcutta, 1921–23.

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*Vaiṣṇava Dharma Śāstra*. Edited by Jolly. Calcutta, 1881.

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*Yājñavalkya Dharma Śāstra*. Edited by Stenzler. Berlin, 1849.

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*Mitākṣarā*. Bombay, 1909. Translation by S. C. Vidyāratna. Allāhābād, 1918.

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*Nārada Smṛti*. Edited by Jolly. Calcutta, 1885.

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*Bṛhaspati Smṛti*. Edited by the Ānandāśrama Sanskrit Series. Poona. Translated by Jolly in S. B. E., Vol. XXXIII.

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*The Dharma Śāstra Saṃgraha*. Edited by Pandit Jīvānanda Vidyāsāgara. Calcutta, 1876.

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(Contains the texts attributed to Atri, Viṣṇu, Harita, Yājñavalkya, Uśānas, Aṅgiras, Yama, Āpastamba, Samavarta, Kātyāyana, Bṛhaspati, Parāśara, Vyāsa, Śaṅkha, Likhita, Dakṣa, Śātātapa, Vasiṣṭha, Gautama and Vṛddha Gautama.) Vol. VII of the S. B. E. Series contains translation of the Viṣṇu by Jolly. The Nārada Smṛti and some parts of Bṛhaspati are in Vol. XXXIII.

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*Bālambhaṭṭī* – a gloss on the Mitākṣarā by Bālambhaṭṭa, ed. Govind Das, Bibliotheca Indica Series.

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*Aparārka’s Commentary on Yājñavalkya Smṛti*, 2 vols, Ānandāśrama, Poona, 1903-4.

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*Viśvarūpa’s Commentary*, ed. S. S. Setlur, 1912, Madras. It forms the basis of Vijñāneśvara’s Mitākṣarā. Nīlakaṇṭha’s Vyavahāra-Mayūkha was translated by Borradaile in 1827. His Nītimayūkha was lithographed at Benares in 1880.

VI. Purāṇas

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*Padma Purāṇa*, Ed. V. N. Mandalika. Poona, 1894.

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*Varāha Purāṇa*, Ed. Pandit Hṛṣīkeśa. Calcutta, 1893.

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*Vāyu Purāṇa*, Ed. Rājendra Lāla Mitra. Calcutta, 1880.

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*Kūrma Purāṇa*, Ed. Nīlamaṇi Mukhopādhyāya. Calcutta, 1890.

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*Bhāgavata Purāṇa*. Edited by Nityasvarūpa Brahmacārin, Bṛindāvana, 1916-7. *Brahma Vaivarta Purāṇa*. Published by Kṣemarāja Śrī Kṛṣṇadāsa, Bombay, 1809. *Garuḍa Purāṇa*. Ibid., 1906-7. *Brahma Purāṇa*. Ibid., 1906. *Nārada Purāṇa*. Ibid., 1905. *Śiva Purāṇa*. Ibid., 1906. *Mārkaṇḍeya Purāṇa*. Ed. Pandit Kanhaiyā Lāla. Ibid., 1910. *Viṣṇu Purāṇa*. Published by Kṣemarāja Śrī Kṛṣṇadāsa, Bombay, 1910. *Liṅga Purāṇa*. Ibid., 1907. *Skanda Purāṇa*. Ibid., 1909. *Agni Purāṇa*. Published in Bibl. Indica, 1873-9. *Bhaviṣya Purāṇa*. Ibid., 1910. *Vāmana Purāṇa*. Jagaddhitecchu Press, Bombay, 1886. *Matsya Purāṇa*. Ānandāśrama Sanskrit Series, No. 54. Poona, 1907.

Translations

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*Mārkaṇḍeya Purāṇa*. Translated by F. E. Pargiter. Calcutta, 1904. *Viṣṇu Purāṇa*. Translated by H. H. Wilson Vols. I-V. Edited by F. Hall. Vols. VI-X. London, 1864-70. (A storehouse of information about the legendary history of the Epics and Purāṇas.) *Brahma Vaivarta Purāṇa*. Part 1. Translated by Rājendra Nāth Sen. Sacred Books of the Hindus Allahabad, 1920. *Matsya Purāṇa*. (Chaps. 1-291.) 2 Vols. Translated by "A Taluqdar of Oudh." Ibid., 1917. *Garuḍa Purāṇa*. Translated by Ernest Wood and S. V. Subrahman-yam. Ibid., 1911. Pargiter, F. E. The Purāṇa Text of the Dynasties of the Kali Age. Oxford, 1913. An excellent collection of different useful texts with translations. Pargiter, F. E. Earliest Indian Traditional History. J. R. A. S., 1914. Fleet, J. F. The Kaliyuga Era. J.R.A.S., 1911.

Upapurāṇas

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*Brahmāṇḍa Purāṇa*. Śrīveṅkateśvara Press. Bombay, 1906. *Gaṇeśa Purāṇa*. Gopāla Nārāyaṇa and Co. Bombay, 1892.

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*Bṛhaddharma Purāṇa*. (Bibl. Indica.) *Saura Purāṇa*. Ānandāśrama Sanskrit Series, 1889, Poona. *Kalikā Purāṇa*. Veṅkaṭeśvara Press, Bombay, 1891. *Bṛhannāradīya Purāṇa*. (Bibl. Ind.) *Narasimha Purāṇa*. Grantha Ratnamālā. Edition by Uddhavācārya. Bombay, 1889.

VII. Buddhist Literature

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*Aṅguttara Nikāya*. Ed. by R. Morris and E. Hardy. Pali Text Society. London, 1885--1900. *Apadāna*. Not yet edited. *Aṭṭhasālini*. Ed. by Eduard Müller. P. T. S. London, 1897. *Dhammapada*. Edited by Sūriyagoḍa Sumaṅgal Thera. P. T. S. London, 1914. —Translation by Max Müller. S. B. E., Vol. X. —Commentary. Edited by H. C. Norman. P. T. S. London, 1906--14. *Dīgha Nikāya*. Edited by J. W. Rhys Davids and J. E. Carpenter. P. T. S. London, 1890--1911. —Commentary Sumaṅgala Vilāsinī. Edited by R. Davids. P. T. S. London, 1886. *Dīpa Vaṃśa*. Edited and translated by Oldenberg. London, 1879. *Divyāvadāna*. Edited by E. B. Cowell and R. A Neil. Cambridge, 1886. *Jātakas*. Edited by V. Fausböll. London, 1877--97. —Translation by various scholars under the editorship of E. B. Cowell. Cambridge, 1895--1913. *Jātakamālā* by Arya Śūra, tr. from the Sanskrit by J. S. Speyer, London, 1895. *Buddhist Legends*. Tr. from the original Pāli text of the Dhammapada Commentary, by E. W. Burlingame. Cambridge, Mass., 1921. *Lalita Vistara*. Edited by Rājendra Lāla Mittra. Calcutta, 1877; by S. Lefmann. Halle, 1902--1908. *Mahāvaṃśa*. Edited by W. Geiger. P. T. S. London, 1908; and translated by the same in 1912. *Mahāvastu*. Edited by E. Senart. Paris, 1882--97. *Majjhima Nikāya*. Edited by V. Trenckner and R. Chalmers, P. T. S. London, 1888--99.

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*Milindapañha*. Edited by V. Trenckner. London, 1880. ———Translation by R. Davids. S. B. E. Vols. XXXV, XXXVI, Oxford, 1890–4. *Samantapāsādikā*. A Commentary on the Vinaya. An edition of it has just been published by the Pāli Text Society. *Saṃyutta Nikāya*. Edited by Léon Feer and Mrs. Rhys Davids. P. T. S. London, 1884–1904. *Thera Gāthā* and *Therī Gāthā* are Psalms of the Buddhist Brethren and Sisters. Edited by Oldenberg and Pischel respectively, and translated by Mrs. Rhys Davids. P. T. S. London. *Udāna*. Edited by P. Steinthall. P.T.S. London, 1885; and translated by D. M. Strong. London, 1902. *Vimānavatthu*. Edited by E. R. Goonaratne. P.T.S. London, 1886. *Vinaya*. Edited by H. Oldenberg. London, 1879–83. *Vinaya Texts*. Translated by Rhys Davids and Oldenberg. S. B. E. XIII, XVII, XX. Oxford, 1881–5. *The Sanskrit Buddhist Literature of Nepāl*, by Rājendra Lāla Mitra. Calcutta, 1882.

VIII. Jaina Literature

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*Caritra Saṅgraha* Ahmedabad, 1884. *Jaina Kathāratna Koṣa*. 8 vols. Bombay, 1890. *The Kumāra Pāla Carita*, by Hema Candra. Edited by S. P. Pandit (Bom. Sans. Series). 1900. *Sthavirāvali Carita*, by Hema Candra. Edited by Jacobi (Bibliotheca Indica). Calcutta, 1891. *The Hammīra Mahā Kāvya* of Nayacandra Sūri (Indian Antiquary, Vol. VIII, pp. 55–73). Bombay, 1879. *The Sukṛta Saṃkīrtana*, of Arisiṃha Translated by E. H. Burgess. (Indian Antiquary, Vol. XXXI, 1902.) *Indian Studies*. G. Bühler. The Jagaḍu Carita of Sarvānanda, a historical romance from Gujarāt. Wien, 1892. *Dhanañjaya’s Dvisandhāna*. Edited by Pandit Śivadatta and K. P. Parab. Kāvyamālā No. 49. Bombay, 1895. *Yaśastilaka Campū* by Somadeva Sūri. Ibid., No. 70. Bombay, 1901. *Bāla Bhārata* by Amaracandra Sūri. Ibid., No. 45. Bombay, 1894. *Hema Candra’s Jaina Rāmāyaṇa*. Calcutta, 1876. Poona, 1890. ——— *Laghu Arhannīti*. Ahmedābād. *The Kathā Koṣa*, or Treasury of Stories. Translated from Sanskrit Manuscripts by C. H. Tawney. London, 1895.

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*Prabandhacintāmaṇi*, of Merutuṅgācārya. Edited by Rāmacandra Dīnanātha Bombay, 1888. Translated by C. H. Tawney (Bibl. Ind.). Calcutta, 1899.

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*Śrīpālacarita* or *Śrī Pāla Rājano Rās*. Second Edition, Bombay, 1876.

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*Somadeva Sūri*. *Nītivākyāmṛtam* with a commentary by an unknown paṇḍit, in the Māṇika Candra Granthamālā, 22. Bombay, Vikrama Era 1979.

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*The Mahā Purāṇa*, comprising the Ādi Purāṇa by Jinasenācārya and its continuation, the Uttara Purāṇa by Guṇabhadrācārya has been published with a Hindī translation by Lālā Rāma Jaina, in the Syādvāda Granthamālā, Bombay.

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*Kirti Kaumudī* by Someśvaradeva. Edited by A. V. Kāthavaṭe (Bom. Sans. Series), No. 25. Bombay, 1883.

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*The Gauḍavaho*. An historical poem in Prākṛit, by Vākpatirāja. Edited by S. P. Paṇḍit (Bom. Sanskrit Series, No. XXXIV). Bombay, 1887.

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*H. Jacobi*. On Mahāvīra and his predecessors. (Ind. Antiq., Vol IX.) Bombay, 1880.

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*J. Klatt*. Extracts from the historical records of the Jainas (Ind. Antiq., Vol. XI, pp. 245—256). 1882.

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*Bhadrabāhu*, Kalpa Sūtra. Ed. H. Jacobi, Leipzig, 1879.

IX. Nīti Śāstras

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*Kāmandaka*, Nītisāra. Edited by Gaṇapati Śāstri in Trivendram Sanskrit Series.

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*Śukra Nītisāra*. Edited by Gustav Oppert, Madras, 1882. Translated with notes by B. K. Sarkar in the S. B. H., Allāhābād.

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*Vīramitrodaya, Rājanīti Prakāśa*. By Mitra Miśra. Edited in the Chowkhambhā Sanskrit Series, Benāres.

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*Nīlakaṇṭha’s Nīti Mayūkha*. Lithographic edition. Benāres, 1880.

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*Rājanīti* of Caṇḍīśvara, ed. K. P. Jayaswal.

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*Vaiśampāyana, Nitiprakāśikā*, ed. Gustav Oppert. Madras, 1882.

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*Yuktikalpataru* (attributed to Bhoja), ed. Iśwara Chandra Śāstri, Calcutta, 1917.

X. General Literature

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*Aśvaghoṣa* Buddha Carita, The Śariputra Prakaraṇa and other fragments of plays. Published by Lüders.

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*Bhāsa.* All his dramas have been edited by T. Gaṇapati Śāstrin in the Trivendram Sanskrit Series, 1912–15. The chief of them are the Dūta Ghaṭotkaca, Urubhaṅga, Dūtavākya, Bāla Carita, Avimāraka, Pratijñāyaugandharāyaṇa, and Svapnavāsavadattā.

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*Śūdraka.* The Mṛcchakaṭikā. Edited by Stenzler, Bonn, 1847; and by Pandit Jīvānanda Vidyāsāgara, Calcutta, 1891. A good translation by Ryder styled “The Little Clay Cart.”

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*Kālidāsa.* The Raghuvaṃśa and Kumāra Sambhava. Edited by Stenzler in 1832 and 1838, London, and later by several scholars. The Abhijñāna Śākuntala (edited by M. R. Kale, Bombay, 1894, and by Monier-Williams, Oxford, 1876. Translation by the same, 6th Edition, London, 1894). Vikramorvaśī, edited by Vaidya, Bombay, 1895. Mālavikāgnimitra, edited by Bollensen, 1879, Leipzig; S. P. Pandit, Bombay, 1869. Several other editions.

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*Bhāravi.* Kirātārjunīya. Edited by J. Vidyāsāgara, Calcutta, 1875. Translated by Schütz Bielefield, 1843. Many later editions.

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*Subandhu.* Vāsavadattā. Edited with Introduction by F. Hall in Bibliotheca Indica, 1859.

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*Bāṇabhaṭṭa.* Harṣacarita. Edited by Vidyāsāgara, Calcutta, 1883. Translation by Thomas and Cowell, Royal Asiatic Society, London, 1897. Kādambarī, edited by Peterson, Bombay Sanskrit Series, 1889. Edited with Commentary and published by the Nirṇaya Sāgara Press, Bombay, 1896. Translated with occasional omissions by C. M. Ridding, Royal Asiatic Society, London, 1896.

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*Daṇḍin.* Daśakumāracarita, Part I, edited by Bühler, Bombay Sanskrit Series, 2nd Edition, 1888. Part II by Peterson, ibid., 1891. Edited also by P. Banerji, Calcutta, 1888.

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*Pañcatantra.* Edited by J. Hertel, 1910, and translated in 1909.

c22.s10.10

*Bhartṛhari.* Nītiśataka. Several editions.

c22.s10.11

*(Attributed to) Harṣa.* Ratnāvali with Commentary. Nirṇaya Sāgara Press, Bombay, 1895.

c22.s10.12

Nāgānanda. Edited by J. Vidyāsāgara, Calcutta, 1873. Ed. R. D. Karmakar, 2nd edition, Bombay, 1923. Priyadarśikā. Edited by R. V. Kṛṣṇamachariar, Srirangam, 1906. Translated by G. Strehly, Paris, 1888.

c22.s10.13

*Bhaṭṭikāvya.* Attributed without solid reasons to Bhartṛhari. Edited by M. R. Kalé, Bombay, 1897 (with translation).

c22.s10.14

*Bhavabhūti.* Mālatīmādhava. Edited by R. G. Bhandarkar. Bombay, 1905. Mahāvīra Carita. Edited by F. H. Trithen. London, 1848. Tr. by J. Pickford. London, 1892. Uttararāmacarita. Edited and translated by S. K. Belvalkar, P. V. Kane and others.

c22.s10.15

*Māgha.* Śiśupālabadha Edited with Commentary by Vidyāsāgara, 1884. Ed. with Mallinātha's Sarvamkaṣā commentary by Durgā Prasāda and Śivadatta. 4th edition, Bombay, 1905.

c22.s10.16

*Viśākhadatta.* Mudrā Rākṣasa. Edited by Hillebrandt. Breslau, 1912. Translated by Wilson. Also edited with translation by M. R. Kale.

c22.s10.17

*Bhaṭṭa Nārāyaṇa.* The Veṇī Saṃhāra. Edited by J. Grill. Leipzig, 1871. Translated by S. M. Tagore. Calcutta, 1880.

c22.s10.18

*Nārāyaṇa.* Hitopadeśa. Edited by Peterson. Bombay, 1887.

c22.s10.19

*Bilhaṇa.* Vikramāṅkadeva Carita Bombay Sanskrit Series, No. 14.

c22.s10.20

*Rājaśekhara.* Bāla Rāmāyaṇa and Bāla Bhārata. Karpūramañjarī. Edited by Stein Konow. Tr by Lanman. 1901.

c22.s10.21

*Śrīharṣa.* Naiṣadhīya Carita. Edited with the Commentary of Nārāyaṇa by Śivadatta Śāstrī. Bombay, 1894.

c22.s10.22

*Kavirāja.* Rāghavapāṇḍavīya. Edited with Commentary in the Kāvyamālā Series, Bombay.

c22.s10.23

*Padmagupta.* Navasāhasāṅkacarita. Edited in the Bombay Sanskrit Series, 1895 (No. 53).

c22.s10.24

*Kalhaṇa.* Rājatarangiṇī. Edited by M. A. Stein. Bombay, 1892. Translated, London, 1900.

c22.s10.25

*Kṣemendra.* Bṛhatkathāmañjarī, Bhārata Mañjarī and Rāmāyaṇa Mañjarī in the Kāvyamālā.

c22.s10.26

*Somadeva.* Kathāsaritsāgara.

c22.s10.27

*Cāṇakya Sūtras* (appendix to R. Shamasastry's edition of the Arthaśāstra, 1919).

XI. Epigraphy

c22.s11.1

*Epigraphia Indica.* Bombay.

c22.s11.2

*Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum,* Vol. I (Revised edition by E. Hultzsch). Vol. III, by Fleet.

c22.s11.3

Inscriptions of Aśoka, ed. D. R. Bhandarkar and S. N. Majumdar. Calcutta, 1920.

c22.s11.4

*Annual Reports of the Archæological Survey of India.*

c22.s11.5

*Inscriptions of the Madras Presidency*. Edited by V. Rangâchârya. Madras, 1919.

c22.s11.6

*Epigraphia Carnatica*. Lewis Rice, Vols. I to IV. Bangalore, 1886–98. Vol. V. Mangalore, 1902. Further volumes. Bangalore, 1902–5.

c22.s11.7

*Madras Government Epigraphist’s Reports*.

c22.s11.8

*Annual Reports of the Archaeological Survey of Western India*.

c22.s11.9

*Hyderabad Archæological Survey*.

c22.s11.10

*J. Ph. Vogel*. Antiquities of Chambâ State. Calcutta, 1911.

c22.s11.11

*Bhagvâna Lâla Indrâji* (ed. Bühler). Twenty-three Inscriptions from Nepâl. Bombay, 1885.

c22.s11.12

Numerous Inscriptions are edited, often with translations, in *Indian Antiquary*; *Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society*; *Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society*; *Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society*; *Journal of the Bihâr and Orissâ Research Society*.

c22.s11.13

*Prâcinalekhamâlâ* ed. Bhavadatta Śâstrî, Śivadatta and Kâśinâth Pândurang Parab. Bombay, 1897, 1903.

c22.s11.14

*Jainalekhasaṃgraha* (in Jaina Vividha Sâhitya Śâstramâlâ Series). Ed. Pûraṇacandra Nâhāra. Calcutta, 1918.

c22.s11.15

*Behistûn Inscriptions*. Ed. and tr. L. W. King and R. C. Thompson. The Sculptures and Inscription of Darius the Great on the Rock of Behistûn in Persia. London, 1907.

XII. Numismatics

c22.s12.1

*Cunningham, A.* The Coins of Alexander’s Successors in the East. London, 1873 (Numismatic Chronicle, 1868–73).

c22.s12.2

*Gardner, P.* Coins of the Greek and Scythic Kings of Bactria and India. British Museum Catalogue, 1886.

c22.s12.3

*Whitehead, R. B.* Indo-Greek Coins. Lahore Museum Catalogue, I. Oxford, 1906.

c22.s12.4

*Smith, V. A.* Catalogue of Coins in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, Vol. I, Oxford, 1906.

c22.s12.5

*Rapson, E. J.* Catalogue of the Coins of the Ândhra Dynasty, the Western Kṣatrapas, Traikûṭaka Dynasty and the Bodhi Dynasty. London, 1908.

c22.s12.6

*Allan, John.* Catalogue of the Coins of the Gupta Dynasties and of Śaśâṅka, King of Gauḍa. London, 1914.

c22.s12.7

A large number of coins are noticed in the *Journals* mentioned above in Section XI.

XIII. Foreign Accounts

A. Greek

c22.s13.t1.1

*Herodotus.* History, tr. G. Rawlinson, London, 1858-60.

c22.s13.t1.2

*Xenophon.* Cyropædia. Ed. and tr. W. Miller, London and New York, 1914.

c22.s13.t1.3

*Megasthenes.* Fragments of the Indica. Ed. E. A. Schwanbeck. Bonn, 1846, tr. J. W. McCrindle, Ancient India as described by Megasthenes and Arrian. Calcutta, Bombay, and London, 1877.

c22.s13.t1.4

Other translations by McCrindle are:—

c22.s13.t1.5

*The Commerce and Navigation of the Erythraian Sea.* Calcutta, 1879. This volume contains a translation (with commentary) of Periplus Erythraei Maris by an unknown writer of the first Christian century, and of the second part of the Indika of Arrian, in which is described the memorable voyage of Nearchos from the mouth of the Indus to the head of the Persian Gulf.

c22.s13.t1.6

*Ancient India as described by Ktêsias the Knidian.* Calcutta, 1882. Ktêsias was the first writer who gave the Greeks a special treatise on India. The work is lost but we have an epitome of its contents by Phôtios, and fragments of it in other writers.

c22.s13.t1.7

*Ancient India as described by Ptolemy.* Calcutta, 1885. This volume contains not only Ptolemy’s Geography of India, but also his Geography of Central and Eastern Asia, and a copy of his map of India.

c22.s13.t1.8

*The Invasion of India by Alexander the Great.* First Edition, Westminster, 1893. New Edition, 1896. Contains translations of the accounts of Alexander’s campaigns in India and Afghânistân found in Arrian, Q. Curtius, Diodorus Siculus, Plutarch and Justinus.

c22.s13.t1.9

*Ancient India as described in Classical Literature.* Being a collection of Greek and Latin texts relating to India, extracted from Herodotus, Strabo, Diodorus Siculus, Pliny, Aelian, Philostratus, Dion Chrysostum, Porphyry, Stobaeus, the Itinerary of Alexander the Great, the Periêgêsis of Dionysius, the Dionysiaka of Nonnus, the Romance History of Alexander and other works. Westminster, 1901.

c22.s13.t1.10

B. CHINESE.

c22.s13.t1.11

*Fâ-hien*, tr. Giles, London and Shanghai, 1877.

c22.s13.t1.12

—— tr. Legge, Oxford, 1886.

c22.s13.t1.13

Watters. "Fa-hsien and his English Translators." China Review, VIII.

c22.s13.t1.14

*Si-yu-ki*. Buddhist Records of the Western World. Translated from the Chinese of Hiuen-Tsiang by Samuel Beal. 2 volumes. Latest reprint, London, 1906.

c22.s13.t1.15

*The Life of Hiuen-Tsiang* by the Shaman Hwui Li, with an Introduction containing an account of the works of I-tsing. Tr. Samuel Beal. New Edition, London, 1911.

c22.s13.t1.16

*On Yuan Chwang's Travels in India* by Thomas Watters, ed. T. W. Rhys Davids and S. W. Bushell. Oriental Translation Fund. New Series. Vol. XIV, London, 1904.

c22.s13.t1.17

*I-tsing*. A Record of the Buddhist Religion as practised in India and the Malay Archipelago, tr. J. Takakusu, Oxford, 1896.

c22.s13.t1.18

C. ARAB.

c22.s13.t1.19

*Alberûnî's India*, tr. with notes and indices by Edward C. Sachau, in two volumes. London, 1910.

c22.s13.t1.20

*Elliot and Dowson's History of India as told by its own Historians*. Vol. I. containing translations from various Arab writers.

XIV. General Modern Works

c22.s14.1

*The Cambridge History of India*. Vol. I (Ancient India), edited by E. J. Rapson. Cambridge, 1922.

c22.s14.2

*Dutta, R. C.* History of Civilisation in Ancient India. London, 1893.

c22.s14.3

*Smith, V. A.* The Early History of India. 4th Edition. Oxford, 1924. Edited by Edwardes.

c22.s14.4

—— The Oxford History of India. Oxford, 1919.

c22.s14.5

*Rapson, E. J.* Ancient India. Cambridge, 1914.

c22.s14.6

*Barnett, L. D.* Antiquities of India. London, 1913.

c22.s14.7

*Krishnaswami Aiyangar, S.* Ancient India. Madras, 1911. The work is devoted chiefly to the history of South India.

c22.s14.8

*Duff, C. M.* The Chronology of India. Westminster, 1899.

c22.s14.9

*Bhandarkar, R. G.* Early History of the Deccan. Second Edition. Bombay, 1895.

c22.s14.10

—— A Peep into the Early History of India (322 B.C. to 500 A.D.). J.B.B.R.A.S. (Vol. XX, pp 356 408). Bombay, 1902.

c22.s14.11

*Law, N. N.* Aspects of Ancient Indian Polity. Oxford, 1921. *Ghoshal, U.* A History of Hindu Political Theories. Oxford University Press, 1923. *Aiyangar, K. V. R.* Some Aspects of Ancient Indian Polity. Madras, 1916. *Banerji, P. N.* Public Administration in Ancient India. London, 1917. *Jayaswal, K. P.* Hindu Polity. Calcutta, 1924. *Majumdar, R. C.* Corporate Life in Ancient India. Calcutta, 1919. *Sarkar, B. K.* Positive Background of Hindu Sociology. Bk. II. Allâhâbâd, 1921. —————Political Institutions and Theories of the Hindus. Leipzig, 1922. *Mookerji, R. K.* Local Government in Ancient India. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1919. *Fick, Richard.* Social Organisation in North-East India in Buddha’s Time. Translated from the German by S. Maitra. Calcutta, 1920. *Max Müller, F. W.* History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature. 2nd Edition. London, 1860. *Weber, A.* History of Indian Literature. 2nd Edition. London, 1882. English Translation by J. Mann and Th. Zachariae. *Macdonell, A. A.* A History of Sanskrit Literature. London. *Keith, A. B.* Classical Sanskrit Literature. —————Sanskrit Drama. *Nariman, G. K.* Literary History of Sanskrit Buddhism from Winternitz, Sylvain Lévi, Hüber. Bombay, 1920. *Hopkins, E. W.* The Religions of India. Boston, 1895. —————India, Old and New. New York, 1901. *Beni Prasad.* Theory of Government in Ancient India (post-Vedic). Indian Press, Allâhâbâd, 1927. *Subrahmanya Aiyar, K. V.* Historical Sketches of Ancient Dekhan. Madras, 1917.

c22.s14.12

the *Gesta Romanorum*, the *Legenda Aurea* of Jacobus de Voragine, and the *Speculum Historiale* of Vincent of Beauvais. These were the books that fed the imagination of the Middle Ages, and they were the books that the Church, in its wisdom, provided for the instruction and edification of the faithful.

c22.s14.13

But the Church did not merely provide books; it also provided the means of their dissemination. The monastic scriptoria, where monks labored in silence to copy the sacred texts, were the precursors of the printing press. And when the press finally arrived, it was the Church that first harnessed its power, using it to spread the word of God to the corners of the earth. The Gutenberg Bible, the first major book printed in Europe, was a testament to the Church's commitment to the written word.

c22.s14.14

Yet, even as the Church championed the spread of knowledge, it also sought to control it. The *Index Librorum Prohibitorum*, or List of Prohibited Books, was a tool used by the Church to suppress ideas it deemed dangerous or heretical. This tension between the desire to educate and the need to control would define the Church's relationship with literature for centuries to come.

c22.s14.15

It is a complex history, one that is marked by both enlightenment and suppression. But it is a history that cannot be ignored, for it is the history of the very foundation of Western civilization. The Church, in its role as the guardian of knowledge, has shaped the way we think, the way we write, and the way we understand the world around us.