The State in Ancient India: A Study in the Structure and Practical Working of Political Institutions in North India in Ancient Times c23.2

Language: English

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Âdisimha, 402; and titles, 403. Âditya, 49. Âdityasena, 292. Âdityavardhana, 343. Administration, development in the North, 500—504; in Jâtakas, of provinces, villages, etc., 145 sqq.; in Kâlidâsa, 313-14; in Kautalya, 267 sqq.; in Mahâbhârata, 91 sqq.; in Ṛigveda, 28 sqq.; Mauryan, Chap. VIII; general, and of the capital, 183—87, military, 188-89, pre-Mauryan, Chap. VII; of Guptas, 284 sqq., 292 sqq., after Gupta Empire, 305 sqq.; of Vijayanagara, 470; under Ândhras, 222, 224; under Aśoka, general, 206 sqq.; under Kuṣâns, 229; under satraps, 227-28; administrative machinery, of 8th to 16th centuries, in Almorâ, 409-10, in Deccan, 410, 414-15, in Gujarât, 414, in Magadha, 405—408, in Mârwâr, Bundelkhand B a s t a r, Chattîsgadh, M â l w â, 410-11, in Orissâ, 408-409, in Sindh, 401; of 11th and 12th centuries, material for the study of, 442, in Bengal and East Bengal, 450—52, in Kâmarûpa, 452-53, in Kanauja, 447—50, in Mâlwâ and Central India, 453, in Orissâ, 462, in Western India, South and Deccan, 462—68; similarity of and its causes in various states after Harṣa, 386-87; administrative system of the Marâṭhâs, 471 sqq.; of the 7th century, 365 sqq., material for study of, 343; in Kashmîr and Chambâ, Chap. XV. See also Government, King, State, Justice. Aediles, 186. Aelian, on munificence of Indian kings, 181-82; on presents to kings, 191. Africa, relations between the whites and the blacks in South, 20. Aggamaheṣî, 119. Agni, 19, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 39, 43.

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Agni Purâṇa, 281, 330—34; ambassadors and their classes in, 334; feudatories in, 333-34; foreign affairs in, 334; king and his qualities and duties in, 330-31; law and judicial administration in, 333; local government in, 332; ministers and officers in, 331-32; princes and their education in, 331; revenue in, 333; state in, 330. Agnivarman, 311. Agrahâra, 366, 423; code of, 285 n. Agrahârika, 42. Agriculture, and agriculturists under Mauryas, 189—91; and emigration, etc., in Kauṭalya, 263-64; encouraged by the Hindu State, 513; making the village unit of society, 8; predominance of, in India, 6-7. Ahâla, 95. Âhâra, as an administrative division, 297, 383. Aindra Mahâbhiṣeka, 48, 49, 50. Aindra Śânti, 331. Âîn-i-Akbarî, 472, 480. Aitareya Brâhmaṇa, Andhras mentioned in, 221; rise of kingship in, 25-26. See Vedic Literature. Aja, 310. Ajâtaśatru, 47, 160, 163, 164. Ajîtamâna, 402, 403. Âjîvaka(s), 216. Âjñâdâpaka, 295. Âjñâpati, 383. Akbar, 478, 480; on social reform, 482. Âkranda, 255. Âkrandâsâra, 255. Akṣavâpa, as a Ratnin, 44. Akṣapatalika, 300, 367, 438. Akṣaśâli, 417. Al'-Idrîsî, and his writings, 399. Al'-Masûdî, and his accounts, 399, 401. Al'-Utbî, 446. Alâ-ud-dîn Khiljî, 469. Alberûnî, and his accounts, 442 sqq.; caste in, 442-43; law and justice in, 443-44; on kings enforcing caste rules, 510; ordeals in, 444-45; punishments in, 445-46; Śûdras and their disabilities, 446, 508. Alexander, and India, 492; Brâhmaṇas put to death by, 172; invasion of, 166;

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political arrangements of, 173—75; 168, 171, 176, 177. Amâtya, 112, 223, (or Amacca) 227; 303, 304, 305, 438, 462. Amazons, in harem, in Kauṭalya, 267. Ambassador(s), in A g n i Purāṇa, classes and duties of, 334; in Bhāsa, 318; in Kauṭalya, grades of, 270; in Mahābhārata, 92; in Manu, 242; in Rāmāyaṇa, 112; in Somadeva, 397; in Tiruvalluvar, 279; messengers and their classes in Magadha, in 8th to 10th centuries, 405-406. Ambhi, 168, 174. America, relations between the whites and the blacks in southern states of, 20. Amitagati Sūri, and his works, 460. Amṛtaprabhā, 422. Amṛtaśakti, 341. Amusements, gambling, et., regulation of, in Kauṭalya, 261. Ānand Kaul, 435. Ananta, 429. Anarchy, horrors of, in Rāmāyaṇa, 113. See Nature, state of. Andhakavṛṣṇi (oligarchy), 102. Andhra(s), as a power, 221—24; 194, 500. Aṅga(s), 69, 249. Āṅgiras, 326, 328. Anglican Church, 10. Anglo-French struggles in South India, 470; Anglo-Saxon institutions influenced by Norman conquest, 490. Anon, culture of, resembling pre-Aryan culture, 489. Antamahāpāla, 195. Antapāla, 271. Antarvāsika, 272. Āpaddharma, in Mahābhārata, 99-100. Āpastamba, 58, 59, 60, 74; local government, revenue and law in, 71—73. Arabs, Conquest of Sindh and account of the country by, 398—402, 441. Arakṣika(s), officers, 307. Arbudi, 36. Arcadius, 497. Ardha-Māgadhī, 116. Arhantas, 116. Ārhatas, 376. Ari, 255. Arimitra, 255. Arimitrāmitra, 255. Aristocracy, in Greek accounts, 170-71; in Roman and Hindu Empires, 497;

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of warriors in Mahābhārata, 84. See also Ruling class. Arjuna, 82, 86, 92, 96. Army, and defence in Kauṭalya, 276; and defence in the 7th century, 372; in Jātakas, 151. Arnold, on Rigveda, 17. Arrian, 167 n; on aristocracy in India, 170; on Indian castes, 179, 180; on Indian territory, 173; on revenue, 191; on succession, 183; on tribute, 192. See also Greek accounts. Artaxerxes Ochus, 196. Arthaśāstra(s), 215, 236, 301, 332, 456, 457, 500, 508; Bārhaspatya, 279-80; Kauṭilīya, 250-77; Kural compared to, 278-79; nature, date and authorship of, 250-52. See also Kauṭilīya Arthaśāstra. Artisans, exempted from taxes, 192; in Mahābhārata, 95. Āryadeva, 281. Āryapiśuna, 314. Ārya Śūra, 281, 281 n. Āsandī, 354. Aśoka, 13, 115, 116, 169, 189, 215, 216, 218, 220, 373, 430, 502, 506, 510, 513; and religion, 202-205; as prince, 193; end of, 214; government of the kingdom of, 206-13; liberalising and humanitarian elements of his ethics, 199-200; paternal view of government, 196-97; reforms of, 202; revenue of, 213-14. Āśrama, in Jātakas, 121-22. Āśramadharma, 61. Assembly, in clan oligarchies, 157-58; in Epics, 94; in latest Vedic literature, 55; in Ṛigveda, 30-31; National Assembly, 500; nature and work, etc., of, in later Vedic literature, 40-43. See also Council. Assyrian Empire, local government in, 495. Astakula, council of eight, 160. Aṣṭakulādhikaraṇa, 297. Aṣṭapradhāna, council of eight, 471. Aṣṭāvakra, 91.