The Positive Background of Hindu Sociology c7.s2: Cultural Developments down to the Mohenjo Daro Complex
The Positive Background of Hindu Sociology c7.s2
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Cultural Developments down to the Mohenjo Daro Complex
c7.s2.1
A survey of the epochs of technocracy in its wide sense as well as of culture-history comprising group-life in all its social relations and forms would place India in the following perspective in so far as what may be called the "ancient" period (*c.* 5000-600 B.C.) is concerned:
c7.s2.2
A. First Stage: *c.* 5000-2500 B.C.
1. Assyro-Babylonian.
2. Egyptian-Pharaonic.
3. Dravidian-Mohenjo Daro (*c.* B.C. 3250-2750 B.C.?)
4. Chinese.
c7.s2.3
The Mohenjo Daro culture⁵ has not yet been adequately studied so as to yield the precise socio-anthropological links between the thoughts and institutions of Vedic India as well as those of pre-Vedic and post-Vedic ages. But already it may not be unsafe to trace the beginnings of *Dharma* and *Artha* ideologies or institutions in the *milieu* of the Mother Goddess, the Śiva-like figure, the phallus, the tree (*pipul*) worship, the Nāga, the cross-legged figure, the pictographic seals, the *Swastika*, the partially syllabic scripts etc. of the Mohenjo Daro complex.
c7.s2.4
⁵ P. Mitra: *Prehistoric India* (Calcutta 1927), Chapter on Mohenjo Daro; S. V. Venkateswara: *Indian Culture through the Ages*, Vol. I. (London 1928) pp. 2-9; J. Marshall: *Mohenjo Daro and the Indus Civilization* (London 1931); N. N. Law: "Mohenjo Daro and the Indus Valley Civilization" in the *Indian Historical Quarterly* (Calcutta) March 1932. J. Przyluski: "The Goddess in India and Iran" in the *I. H. Q.*, Sept. 1934; A. K. Sur: "Pre-Aryan Elements in Indian Culture" (Calcutta *Review*, April 1931, November and December 1932, *I. H. Q.*, March 1934). L. Renou: *Bibliographie Vedique* (Paris 1931); J. Przyluski: "The Three Factors of Vedic Culture" (*Indian Culture*, Calcutta, January 1935).
c7.s2.5
B. Second Stage: *c.* 2500-600 B.C.
1. Mycenaean-Cretan.
2. Hebrew-Jewish.
3. "Indo-Aryan" i. Vedic-Hindu. ii. Persian-Iranian. iii. Hellenic-Homeric.
4. Chinese.