[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [The Positive Background of Hindu Sociology](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sarkar-1914) › c7.s2 # The Positive Background of Hindu Sociology c7.s2: Cultural Developments down to the Mohenjo Daro Complex The Positive Background of Hindu Sociology c7.s2 - **Language:** English ### Cultural Developments down to the Mohenjo Daro Complex ### [c7.s2.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sarkar-1914.c7.s2.1) A survey of the epochs of technocracy in its wide sense as well as of culture-history comprising group-life in all its social relations and forms would place India in the following perspective in so far as what may be called the "ancient" period (\*c.\* 5000-600 B.C.) is concerned: ### [c7.s2.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sarkar-1914.c7.s2.2) A. First Stage: \*c.\* 5000-2500 B.C. 1. Assyro-Babylonian. 2. Egyptian-Pharaonic. 3. Dravidian-Mohenjo Daro (\*c.\* B.C. 3250-2750 B.C.?) 4. Chinese. ### [c7.s2.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sarkar-1914.c7.s2.3) The Mohenjo Daro culture⁵ has not yet been adequately studied so as to yield the precise socio-anthropological links between the thoughts and institutions of Vedic India as well as those of pre-Vedic and post-Vedic ages. But already it may not be unsafe to trace the beginnings of \*Dharma\* and \*Artha\* ideologies or institutions in the \*milieu\* of the Mother Goddess, the Śiva-like figure, the phallus, the tree (\*pipul\*) worship, the Nāga, the cross-legged figure, the pictographic seals, the \*Swastika\*, the partially syllabic scripts etc. of the Mohenjo Daro complex. ### [c7.s2.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sarkar-1914.c7.s2.4) ⁵ P. Mitra: \*Prehistoric India\* (Calcutta 1927), Chapter on Mohenjo Daro; S. V. Venkateswara: \*Indian Culture through the Ages\*, Vol. I. (London 1928) pp. 2-9; J. Marshall: \*Mohenjo Daro and the Indus Civilization\* (London 1931); N. N. Law: "Mohenjo Daro and the Indus Valley Civilization" in the \*Indian Historical Quarterly\* (Calcutta) March 1932. J. Przyluski: "The Goddess in India and Iran" in the \*I. H. Q.\*, Sept. 1934; A. K. Sur: "Pre-Aryan Elements in Indian Culture" (Calcutta \*Review\*, April 1931, November and December 1932, \*I. H. Q.\*, March 1934). L. Renou: \*Bibliographie Vedique\* (Paris 1931); J. Przyluski: "The Three Factors of Vedic Culture" (\*Indian Culture\*, Calcutta, January 1935). ### [c7.s2.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sarkar-1914.c7.s2.5) B. Second Stage: \*c.\* 2500-600 B.C. 1. Mycenaean-Cretan. 2. Hebrew-Jewish. 3. "Indo-Aryan" i. Vedic-Hindu. ii. Persian-Iranian. iii. Hellenic-Homeric. 4. Chinese. ## Cites (1) - [Mohenjo-daro](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.mohenjo-daro) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sarkar-1914.c7.s2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sarkar-1914.c7.s2) · Pramāṇa