[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [Mughal Administration](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sarkar-1920) › c16.s3.7 # Mughal Administration c16.s3.7 Mughal Administration c16.s3.7 - **Language:** English ### [c16.s3.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sarkar-1920.c16.s3.7) A \*farmān\*, in addition to bearing the imperial seal on the top, bore the wazir’s seal below, and, in the case of a land-grant treaty or special favour, had the Emperor’s palm (\*panjah\*) dipped in vermilion impressed on it. (A rubber representation of the palm used to be carried about in a bag suspended from the coat under his right armpit.) The princes, when serving as provincial governors, acted in the same way. When the fair copy of a letter or order was approved by the Emperor (or prince), he wrote after the last word of the last line (or a little below it) the letter \*sad\*\* (abbreviation for \*sahih\* or ‘correct’), as a written token of his approval. Often the Emperor (or prince) added a few lines \*in his own\* hand at the top of the letter as a proof of the genuineness of the letter or as a special mark of honour to the person addressed; these contained some commonplace statement or an injunction to obey the order promptly, but the material communication was embodied only in the letter drafted by the munshi and copied by a beautiful writer (khushnavis) of the secretariat. Such imperial additions are separately given in the Adāb-i-Alamgiri. - [Previous: c16.s3.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sarkar-1920.c16.s3.6) - [Next: c16.s3.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sarkar-1920.c16.s3.8) - [Up: c16.s3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sarkar-1920.c16.s3) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sarkar-1920.c16.s3.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sarkar-1920.c16.s3.7) · Pramāṇa