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The Political Institutions and Theories of the Hindus: A Study in Comparative Politics c5: Authorities Cited

The Political Institutions and Theories of the Hindus: A Study in Comparative Politics c5

Language
English

Contents

Authorities Cited

A. Inscriptions, Coins and Contemporary Reports or Chronicles

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*Archaeological Survey of India*, Vols IV and VI. *Ibid, Annual Reports*, 1903—04, 1904—05, 1907—09, 1911—12. Arrian (c A. C. 130), Curtius (c 200), Diodorus (c 50), Plutarch (c 100), Justin (c 400) in J. W. Mc Crindle's *Invasion of India by Alexander*, London, 1896. Bâṇa (c 620): *Harṣa-charita*, semi-historical biography dealing with Upper India, Eng. trans. by E. B. Cowell, London, 1897. Bilhaṇa (twelfth century): *Vikramânka-charita*, semi-historical biography dealing with the Deccan and Southern India (*Bombay Sanskrit Series*) 1875. *Coins of Ancient India* by A. Cunningham, London, 1891. Cosmas (c 525): *The Christian Topography*, Eng. trans. by Mc Crindle, London, 1897. *Epigraphia Indica*, 1896—97, 1905—06. *Epigraphia Zeylanica*, Vols I and II. *Epigraphist's Report* for 1900 and 1916. Fa Hien: *Fo-kuo-ki* (Record of the Buddhistic Kingdoms, A. C. 399—414) Eng. trans. by S. Beal, Boston, 1885. ,, Eng. trans. by Legge, Oxford, 1886. *Gauda-lekha-mâlâ* (Inscriptions of the Pâla Dynasty, *c* 750—1150) edited in Bengali by Akshaya Kumar Maitra for the Varendra Research Society, Rajsahi, Bengal, 1912. *Gupta Inscriptions* (c 350—550) ed. by Fleet for the *Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Series*; Calcutta, 1888. Hiuen Thsang: *Si-yu-ki* (Record of the Western World, A. C. 629—645), Eng. trans. by Beal, London, 1885. *Hiuen Thsiang* (Chinese biography of Hiuen Thsang), Eng. trans. by Beal, London, 1888. *Indian Antiquary*, 1888, 1905—06, 1909. *Indian Coins* by E. J. Rapson in the *Grundriß der ind-arischen Philologie*, Strassburg, 1897. *Inscriptions of Asoka* (B. C. 257—240) ed. and trans. by Cunningham for the *Corp. Insc. Ind.*, Calcutta, 1877. *Ibid*, Eng. trans., in V. A. Smith's *Asoka*, Oxford. Itsing: *Record of the Buddhist Religion* (671—695), Eng. trans. by J. Takakusu, Oxford, 1896. Kalhaṇa (twelfth century): *Râja-tarangiṇî*, chronicle of Kashmir, Eng. trans. by M. A. Stein, 2 vols, London, 1900. *Madras Epigraphy, Annual Report*, 1898—99, 1910—11.

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*Mahâvamso* (*c* 550), chronicle of Ceylon, Eng. trans. by Turnour, Ceylon, 1837. Megasthenes' *Indika* (B. C. 302), Arrian's *Indika* (second century) in Mc Crindle's *Ancient India* London, 1877. *The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea* (Travel and Trade in the Indian Ocean by an Egyptian Greek merchant of the first century), Eng. trans. by W. H. Schoff, London, 1912. Pliny the Elder (23—79): *Natural History*, trans. by Bostock and Riley, London, 1855—57. Plutarch (first century): *Life of Alexander*, Langhorne's trans. *Prâchîn Mudrâ* (Ancient Coins) in Bengali, Vol. I, by R. D. Banerji, Calcutta 1915. Ptolemaeus (*c*. A. C. 140): *Geography* (chapters on India and Central and Eastern Asia), Mc Crindle's trans. London, 1885. Sandhyâkara Nandî (twelfth century): *Râma-charita*, semi-historical poem dealing with Bengal and Eastern India (*Memoir of the Asiatic Society of Bengal*, Vol. III, no i), Calcutta, 1910. *South Indian Inscriptions* (*c* 900—1200), ed. by Hultzsch, Vols II and III.

B. Sanskrit and Prâkrit Texts on Politics and Law

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(chiefly for studies in political theory, and subsidiarily as illustrative documents for A.).

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Âpastamba (*c* B. C. 400): *Dharma-sûtra*, Eng. trans. in the *Sacred Books of the East Series* (ed by Max Müller), Vol. II. Baudhâyana (*c* B. C. 450): *Dharma-sûtra*, *S. B. E.* Vol. XIV. Bhoja (*c* 900): *Yukti-kalpa-taru*, Sanskrit text ed. by I. C. Shastri, Sanskrit Press Depositary, Calcutta, 1917. Brihaspati (*c* 650): *Smriti*, *S. B. E.* Vol. XXXIII. Brihaspati: *Sûtra* (ed. and trans. by F. W. Thomas for *Le Museon*) Brussels, 1916. Chandeśvara: *Vivâda-ratnakara*, text in the *Bibliotheca Indica Series*, Asiatic Society of Bengal Calcutta, 1887. *Chulla-vagga* (*Vinaya*), *c* B. C. 350, *S. B. E.* Vols XVII, XX. Gautama (*c* B. C. 550): *Dharma-sûtra*, *S. B. E.* Vol. II. Jîmûta-vâhana (*c* 1150): *Dâya-bhâga*, Eng. trans. in Colebrooke's *Two Treatises on the Hindu Law of Inheritance*, Madras, 1865. Kâmandaka (*c* 350): *Nîti-sâra*, text in the *Bib. Ind.*, 1884, trans. by M. N. Dutt, Calcutta, 1896. Kauṭilya (*c* B. C. 300): *Artha-śâstra*, ed and trans by R. Shamasastry, Bangalore, Mysore, 1915. *Mahâ-bhârata* (*c* B. C. 600—A. C. 300), especially Book II (*Sabhâ-parva*) and Book XII (*Śanti-parva*), Protap Chandra Ray's edition, Calcutta, 1888—93. *Mahâ-vagga* (*Vinaya*), *c* B. C. 350, *S. B. E.* Vols XIII, XVII. Manu (*c* A. C. 150): *Smriti*, *S. B. E.* Vol. XXV. Mitra Miśra: *Vîra-mitrodaya*, ed. by J. Vidyasagara, Calcutta. Nârada (*c* 500): *Smriti*, *S. B. E.* Vol. XXXIII. Śukra: *Nîti-sâra*, text ed. by Oppert for the Madras Government, 1882. Eng. trans. by B. K. Sarkar for the Panini Office Series, Allahabad, 1914. Somadeva (*c* 950): *Nîti-vâkyâmrita*, text in the *Kâvyamâlâ Series*, Bombay. Vaiśampâyana: *Nîti-prakâsikâ*, text ed. by Oppert for the Madras Govt., 1882. Vaśiṣṭha (*c* B. C. 150): *Dharma-sûtra*, *S. B. E.* Vol. XIV. Vijnaneśvara (*c* 1050): *Mitâkśarâ*, Eng. trans. in Colebrooke's *Two Treatises*, Madras, 1865. Viṣṇu (*c* 300): *Smriti*, *S. B. E.* Vol. VII. Yâjnavalkya (*c* 350): *Smriti*, text and translation in V. N. Mandlik's *Hindu Law*, Bombay, 1880.

C. General Literature in Sanskrit and Prâkrit

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*Aitareya Brâhmaṇa* (*Bib. Ind. Series*, Calcutta), 1895—1906. *Apastamba: Śrauta Sûtra*, *Bib. Ind.*, 1882—1903. *Atharva Veda*, ed and trans by Whitney and Lanman in the *Harvard Oriental Series*, Cambridge, Mass, 1905. *Ibid*, Bloomfield's version. *Avadâna-śataka*, French trans. by Feer, *Annales du Musée Guimet*, Paris, 1891. *Bâṇa Kâdambarî*, Eng. trans. by Ridding, London 1896. *Bharata: Nâtya-śâstra*, text in the *Kâvyamâlâ Ser.*, Bombay, 1894. *Buddhist Mahâyâna Texts*, *S. B. E.* Vols XLIX, Pt. II (Eng. trans.). *Buddhist Sûttas*, Eng. trans., *S. B. E.* Vol. XI. *Catalogus Catalogorum*, ed by Aufrecht, Leipzig, 1891—1903. *Dandin: Daśa-kumâra-charita*, *Bom. Sans. Ser.*, 1873. *Dialogues of the Buddha*, Vol. II. Eng. trans. by Rhys Davids, London 1910. *Gîtâ*, *S. B. E.*, Vol. VIII. *Gopatha Brâhmaṇa*, (*Bib. Ind.* 1872). *Grihya Sûtras*, *S. B. E.*, Vols XXIX, XXX. *Jaina Sûtras*, *S. B. E.*, Vols XXII, XLV. *Jâtakas*, Eng. trans. in six volumes, by various scholars, ed. by Cowell, Cambridge, 1895—1907. *Kâlidâsa: Mâlavikâgnimitra*, C. H. Tawney's trans., Calcutta 1891. ,, *Raghu-vaḿśa.* *Mahâ-bhârata: Vana*, *Udyoga*, *Karṇa* and other *parvas*. "Pali Buddhistical Annals" by Turnour in the *Journal of the Asiatic Soc. of Bengal*, 1838. *Pâṇiṇi: Ashtâdhyâyî*, trans. by Sris Chandra Vasu, Panini Office, Allahabad. *Purana: Agni*, Anandashrama Series, Poona, Bombay. *Râjaśekhara: Karpûra-manjarî* (trans. in Harvard Oriental Series). *Râmâyaṇa: Vâla* and *Ayodhyâ kândas*. *Saddharma-pundarika*, *S. B. E.*, Vol. XXXI.. *Śatapatha Brâhmaṇa*, *S. B. E.*, Vols XII, XXIV, XXVI, XLI, XLIII. "Shabara Svamî's Commentary on Jaimini's Mimâmsâ" by G. Jha in the *Indian Thought*, 1910 Allahabad. *Specimens of Old Indian Poetry*, by R. T. H. Griffith, Panini Office, Allahabad, 1914. *Subandhu: Vâsavadattâ*, Gray's trans., New York, 1913. *Sûtta-nipata*, *S. B. E.*, Vol. X, Pt. II. *Taittirîya Samhitâ*, *Bib. Ind.*, 1872. *Upaniṣads*, *S. B. E.*, Vols I, XV. *Vedic Index*, 2 vols by A. A. Macdonell and A. B. Keith, London, 1912. *Viśvanâtha: Sâhitya Darpana*, trans by Mitra and Ballantyne, Calcutta, 1865—66.

D. Modern Studies in Hindu Government and Jurisprudence

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Aiyangar K. V. R.: *Considerations on Some Aspects of Ancient Indian Polity*, Madras, 1916. Aiyangar S. K.: *Ancient India* (ch. on Chola Administration), Madras, 1911. Ayyar V: *Town-planning in Ancient Deccan*, Madras, 1916. Banerjea, P. N.: *Public Administration in Ancient India*, London, 1917; exposition lucid and comprehensive, more critical handling needed.

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Banerjee G.: *Hindu Law of Marriage and Stridhana*, Calcutta, 1896.

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Basu P. C.: *Indo-Aryan Polity during the period of the Rig Veda*, Allahabad, 1919.

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Bhandarkar D. R.: *Ancient History of India* (administration), Calcutta, 1919.

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Coomaraswamy A. K.: *Indian Craftsman* (gilds), London, 1909.

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,, *Mediaeval Sinhalese Art* (social economy and gilds), London, 1908.

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Davids T. W. Rhys: *Buddhist India* (republics and rural institutions), London, 1903.

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Fick R.: *Die Soziale Gliederung im nordöstlichen Indien zu Buddhas Zeit* (gilds), Kiel, 1897.

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Gibelin, E.: *Etudes sur le droit civil des Hindous* (comparative private law), 2 vols, Pondicherry, 1846.

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*Hindustan Review*, Allahabad, May-June, 1918: Kumaraswamy K.: “Hindu Theories of State and Social Compact”.

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Hopkins, E. W.: *India Old and New* (gilds and land tenure), New York, 1902.

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*Indian Antiquary*, Bombay, 1905: Shamasastry R.: “Châṇakya’s Land and Revenue Policy”.

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*Ibid*, July 1915: Divanji, P. C.: “Judicial Administration in India in Ante-Mohammedan Times”.

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*Ibid*, June-July 1918: V. S. Sukthankar’s Eng. trans. of Jacobi’s German article (1912) on the “Authenticity of Kauṭilya”.

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*Ibid*, 1918—19, Law, Narendra Nath: “*Vârttâ* or Hindu Economics”.

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*Ibid*, 1919, Law: “Ancient Hindu Coronation and Allied Ceremonials”.

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*Ibid*, May 1920, Divanji, P. C.: “Ancient Hindu Law of Evidence”.

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*Indian Journal of Economics*, November 1919, Balkrishna: “Economics in Ancient India”.

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Jolly, J.: *Hindu Law of Partition, Inheritance and Adoption*, Calcutta, 1885.

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,, *Recht und Sitte*, Strassburg, 1896; summary of entire Hindu legal literature.

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*Journal of the American Oriental Society*, 1889: Hopkins: “Social and Military Position of the Ruling Caste in Ancient India as Represented by the Sanskṛit Epic.”, a searching and extensive inquiry.

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*Journal of the Bihar and Orissa Research Society*, Bankipore, 1915: Jayaswal K. P.: “Republics in the Mahâbhârata”.

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*Journal of the Department of Letters*, Vol. I (Calcutta University), 1921; Banerji, P. N.: “International Law and Custom in Ancient India”.

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*Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society*, 1916: Keith: “The Authenticity of Kauṭilya”.

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Law N. N.: *Studies in Ancient Hindu Polity* (based on Kauṭilya) with an essay on the “Authenticity of Kauṭilya” by R. K. Mookerji, London, 1914.

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,, *Inter-state Relations in Ancient India*, Calcutta, 1920.

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*Law Weekly*, Madras, April 1914: P. Nagabhushanam: “Advocacy in Ancient India”.

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Majumdar, R. C.: *Corporate Life in Ancient India*, Calcutta 1919; detailed account of republics; a masterpiece of archeological investigation so far as it goes; throughout awaits interpretation in the light of economic history and political science.

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Matthai, J.: *Village Government in British India*, London, 1915.

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Mitra, T. N.: *Law Relating to Hindu Widow*, Calcutta, 1881.

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*Modern Review*, Calcutta, January 1912: Jayaswal: “Rituals at Hindu Coronation: Their Constitutional Aspects”.

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*Ibid*, May-July 1913: Jayaswal: “Introduction to Hindu Polity”. These two essays ought to have been available in book form by this time. But all the references in Jayaswal’s studies have been appropriated by subsequent writers.

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*Ibid*, Sept. 1916—June 1918: Law: twenty one articles on “Aspects of Ancient Indian Polity”; patient and almost exhaustive research.

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*Ibid*, Feb. 1917: Rao, G.: “Kings, Crowns and Thrones in Ancient and Mediaeval India”.

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*Ibid*, Ap.-Nov. 1918: Visvanath, L. T.: “International Law in Ancient India”.

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*Ibid*, March, 1919: Handiqui, K.: “Word *Sva-râj* in the *Rig Veda*”.

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*Ibid*, January 1920, Lal, M.: "Republican Tradition in Indian Polity". *Ibid*, February 1920, Jayaswal, K. P.: "The Hindu Parliament under Hindu Monarchy". Mookerji, R. K.: *Fundamental Unity of India*, London, 1914; a study in the theory of nationalism from Hindu texts. „ *Local Government in Ancient India*, Oxford, 1919: intensive study of gilds. „ *Nationalism in Indian Culture*, London, 1921. Row, B. G.: *Ancient Hindu Judicature*, Madras, 1921. Sarkar, G. C.: *Hindu Law*, Calcutta, 1906. Sarkar, K. L.: *Rules of Interpretation in Hindu Law*, Calcutta, undated. Sen, P. N.: *General Principles of Hindu Jurisprudence*, Calcutta, 1918. Shastri, H. K.: "Fiscal Administration under Early Cholas" (Poona, 1917). Swami, P. J.: *Warfare in Ancient India*, a pamphlet, Indian Review Office, Madras, 1915. *Transactions of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland* 1828, Vol. II: Colebrooke: "Hindu Courts of Justice". *Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft*, Leipzig, 1913: Jolly: "*Arthaśâstra und Dharmaśâstra*". *Ibid*, 1914: Jolly: "Kollektaneen zum Kautiliya *Arthaśâstra*". *Ibid*, 1914: Jacobi, H.: "Ist das Daśa-kumâra-charita gleichzeitig mit dem Kautiliya Arthaśâstra?" (reply to Jolly's *Kollektaneen*). Zimmer, H.: *Altindisches Leben* (Vedic institutions), Berlin, 1879. N.B. Five essays on Hindu politics are announced as appearing in the *Sir Asutosh Mookerjee Jubilee Volumes* (Calcutta University, 1921). K. P. Jayaswal's book (*Hindu Polity*) is reported to be in the press. At the German Orientalists' Congress held at Leipzig (1921) Professor Stein of Prague read a paper from his forthcoming brochure (*Megasthenes und Kautilya*).

E. Studies in Western Political Institutions and Theories

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Abbott, F. F.: *Roman Political Institutions*, Boston, 1901. Adams. G. B.: *Origin of the English Constitution*, New York, 1912. „ *A Constitutional History of England*, New York, 1921. *American Historical Review*, 1897: Sullivan, J. "Marsiglio of Padua and William of Ockam". Arnold, W. T.: *Roman System of Provincial Administration*, Oxford, 1914. Ashley, W. J.: *Surveys Historic and Economic*, London, 1900. Atger, F.: *Histoire des doctrines du contrat social*, Nimes, 1906. Azan, P.: *The Warfare of Today* (transl. from French by Coolidge), Boston, 1918. Barker, E.: *Greek Political Theory* (*Plato and His Predecessors*), London, 1918. Barker, E.: *Political Thought in England from Spencer to the Present Day*, London, 1915. Bastable, C. F.: *Public Finance*, London, 1903. Bluntschli, J. K.: *Geschichte des allgemeinen Staatsrechts und der Politik*, Munich, 1867. Bluntschli, J. K.: *Geschichte der neueren Staatswissenschaft*, Munich, 1881. Bodin, J.: *Les Six livres de la république*, Paris, 1578. Bosanquet, B.: *Philosophical Theory of the State*, London, 1899. Boutmy, E.: *Essai d'une psychologie politique du peuple anglais au XIXe siècle*, Paris 1909. Brissaud: *History of French Public Law* (Garner's transl.), Boston, 1915. Carlyle, A. J. and R. W.: *Mediaeval Political Theory in the West*, 3 vols, London, 1903—15. Carter, J. C.: *Law Its Origin, Growth and Function*, New York, 1907.

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Clausewitz, C.: *On War* (transl. from German by Graham), 3 vols, London, 1911.

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Cockle, M. J. D.: *Bibliography of Military Books up to 1642*, London, 1911 (edition of 200 copies for private circulation).

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Coker, F. W.: *Organismic Theories of the State*, New York, 1910.

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Curzon, N.: *Frontiers*, Oxford, 1908.

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Dicey, A. V.: *Law of the Constitution*, London, 1915.

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*Domesday Commemoration (1086—1888): Domesday Studies*, Vol. I, London, 1892.

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Dowell, S.: *History of Taxation and Taxes in England*, London, 1884.

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Dunning, W. A.: *History of Political Theories*, 3 vols, New York, 1902—21.

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Elyot, T.: *The Boke named the Governour* (Croft's ed.), London, 1883.

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*Encyclopaedia Britannica* (11th ed.): articles on Aquinas, Capital Punishment, English Finance, Finance, Hincmar, Justinian, Roman Army, Taxation.

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Fairlie, J. A.: *Municipal Administration*, New York, 1901.

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Figgis, J. N.: *The Divine Right of Kings*, Cambridge, 1914.

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,, *Fellowship of the Mystery*, London, 1914.

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,, *From Gerson to Grotius*, Cambridge, 1907.

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Fiske, B. A.: *The Art of Fighting*, New York, 1920.

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Fortescue, J.: *The Governance of England* (ed. by Plummer), Oxford, 1885.

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Francke, A.: *Reformateurs et publicistes de l'Europe*, Paris, 1864—93.

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Frank, T.: *Roman Imperialism*, New York, 1914.

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Freeman, E. A.: *Comparative Politics*, New York, 1874.

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Gide and Rist: *History of Economic Doctrines* (Eng. trans., London, 1915).

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Gierke, O. F.: *Political Theories of the Middle Age* (trans. from the German by Maitland), Cambridge, 1900.

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Gomme, G. L.: *Primitive Folkmoots*, London, 1880.

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,, *Principles of Local Government*, London, 1897.

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,, *Village Community*, New York, 1890.

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Goodnow, F. J.: *Comparative Aministrative Law*, New York, 1893.

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,, *Municipal Government*, New York, 1909.

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Greenidge, A. H. J.: *Roman Public Life*, London, 1901.

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Gross, C.: *Gild Merchant*, 2 vols, Oxford, 1890.

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Guizot, F. P. G.: *History of Representative Government in Europe* (Scoble's trans.), London, 1861

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Gumplowicz, L.: *Der Rassenkampf*, Innsbruck, 1883.

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Higginson, J. H.: *Tariffs at Work*, London, 1913.

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Hime, H. W. L.: *Origin of Artillery*, London, 1915.

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Hobhouse, L. T.: *Metaphysical Theory of the State*, London, 1918.

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Hobhouse, L. T.: *Social Evolution and Political Theory*, New York, 1911.

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Holdich, T. H.: *Political Frontiers and Boundary-Making*, London, 1916.

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Holdsworth, W. S.: *History of English Law*, London, 1903.

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Janet, P.: *Histoire de la science politique*, Paris, 1913.

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Jenks, E.: *History of Politics*, London, 1900.

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,, *Law and Politics in the Middle Ages*, London, 1898.

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Joseph-Barthélemy: *Le Gouvernement de France*, Paris 1920.

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Joseph-Barthélemy: *Les Institutions politiques de l'Allemagne contemporaine*, Paris, 1905.

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Joseph-Barthélemy: *Le problème de la compétence dans la démocratie*, Paris, 1918.

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Joseph-Barthélemy: *Le Role du pouvoir exécutif dans les républiques modernes*, Paris, 1906.

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Joseph-Barthélemy: *Le Vote des femmes*, Paris, 1920.

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Lalor, J. J.: *Cyclopaedia of Political Science*, Chicago, 1884.

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Laski, J.: *Authority in the Modern State*, New York, 1917. „ *Studies in the Problem of Sovereignty*, New York, 1918. Lawrence, T. J.: *Essays on Some Disputed Questions in Modern International Law*, Cambridge, 1885. Leach, A. F.: *Educational Charters and Documents (598—1909)*, Cambridge, 1911. Leroy-Beaulieu, P.: *The Modern State* (trans. from Fr.), London, 1891. Leroy-Beaulieu, P.: *Traité de la science des finances*, Paris, 1912. Lewinski, J. S.: *Origin of Property and the Formation of Village Community*, London, 1913. Lilly, W. S.: *First Principles in Politics*, London, 1907. Littlejohn, J. M.: *Political Theory of the Schoolmen and Grotius*, New York, 1896. Lowie, R. H.: *Primitive Society*, New York, 1920. Machiavelli: *Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius* (Thomson's trans.), London, 1883. Mackenzie, T.: *Studies in Roman Law*, Edinburgh, 1862. Maine, H. S.: *Ancient Law*, London, 1870. „ *Early History of Institutions*, London, 1875. „ *Village Communities*, London, 1876. Maitland, F.: *Domesday Book and Beyond*, Cambridge 1897. Maude, F. N.: *War and the World's Life*, London, 1907. Merriam, C. E.: *History of the Theory of Sovereignty since Rousseau*, New York, 1900. Michel, H.: *L'Idée de l'Etat*, Paris, 1898. *Modern French Legal Philosophy* (Fouillée, Charmont, Duguit, and Démogue) ed. by A. W. Spencer and J. W. Winslow, Boston, 1916. Moyle, J. B.: *Institutes of Justinian*, Oxford, 1883. Oberholtzer, E. P.: *Referendum in America*, New York, 1912. O'Brien, G.: *An Essay on Mediaeval Economic Teaching*, London, 1920. Oppenheimer: *State* (trans. from German by Gitterman), Indianapolis, 1914. Palgrave, R. H. I.: *Dictionary of Political Economy*, London, 1896. Plehn, C. C.: *Introduction to Public Finance*, New York, 1896. *Political Quarterly*, London, February, 1915. Barker, E.: “The Discredited State”. Pollock, F.: *Introduction to the History of the Science of Politics*, London, 1900. Poole, R. L.: *Illustrations of the History of Mediaeval Thought*, London 1884. Price, L. L.: *Political Economy in England*, London, 1891. Ramsay and Lanciani: *Roman Antiquities*, London, 1898. Ratzel, F.: *Politische Geographie*, Munich, 1903. Rau, K. H.: *Grundsatze der Finanzwissenschaft*, Leipzig, 1864. Scherger, G. L.: *Evolution of Modern Liberty*, London, 1904. *Schmoller's Jahrbuch*, Munich, 1921; Wilcken, U: “*Alexander der Grosse und die Hellenistische Wirtschaft*.” Schömann: *Antiquities of Greece*, London, 1880. Seebohm, F.: *English Village Community*, 1883. Seligman, E. R. A.: *Essays in Taxation*, New York, 1913. „ *Shifting and Incidence of Taxation*, New York, 1902. Sidgwick, H.: *Development of European Polity*, London, 1903. Stockton, R.: *Peace Insurance*, Chicago, 1915. Stubbs, W.: *Constitutional History of England*, Oxford, 1875. Supan, A.: *Leitlinien der allgemeinen politischen Geographie*, Leipzig, 1918. Tacitus, C.: *Works* (Oxford translation), London, 1878. Unwin, G.: *The Gilds and Companies of London*, London, 1908. Vierkandt, A.: *Staat und Gesellschaft in der Gegenwart*, Leipzig, 1916.

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Vinogradoff, P.: *English Society in the Eleventh Century*, Oxford, 1908. Waltham, E. L.: *Principles of War*, Vol. I, London, 1914. Willoughby, W. F.: *Government of the Modern States*, New York, 1919. Willoughby, W. F.: *Political Theories of the Ancient World*, New York, 1903. Woolf, C. N. S.: *Bartolus of Sassoferato*, Cambridge, 1913.

F. History, Sociology, and Miscellaneous; Oriental and Occidental

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Aghnides, N. P.: *Mohammedan Theories of Finance*, New York, 1916. Asakawa, K.: *Early Institutional Life of Japan* (A. C. 645), Tokyo, 1903. Augustine, St.: *City of God* (Dods' trans.), Edinburgh, 1871. Banerji, R. D.: *Bânglâr Itihâs* (History of Bengal), in Bengali, 2 vols, Calcutta, 1915—19. ,, *Memoir on the Pâlas of Bengal*, Asiatic Society, Calcutta, 1915. Beard, C. A.: *Economic Origins of Jeffersonian Democracy*, New York, 1915. Bhandarkar, R. G.: *Early History of the Dekkan*, Bombay, 1884. Birdwood, G.: *Industrial Arts of India*, London, 1880. Bland, J. O. P.: *Li Hung-chang*, New York, 1917. Boas, F.: *Mind of Primitive Man*, New York, 1911. Bosanquet, B.: *Some Suggestions in Ethics*, London, 1918. Brehaut, E.: *An Encyclopaedist of the Dark Age, Isidore of Seville*, New York, 1912. Bryce, J. B.: *The Holy Roman Empire*, London, 1907. Bury, J. B.: *History of the Later Roman Empire*, 2 vols, London, 1889. Calhoun, A. W.: *Social History of the American Family*, 3 vols, Cleveland, 1917—19. *Cambridge Mediaeval History*, Vol. II, 1913. *Cambridge Modern History*, Vols VIII and XII, 1902—11. Carr, H. W.: *Philosophy of Benedetto Croce*, London, 1917. Chanda, R. P.: *Indo-Aryan Races*, Rajsahi, Bengal, 1916. Compayré: *History of Pedagogy* (Payne's trans ), Boston, 1907. Confucius: *Great Learning*, and *Shu-king*, Eng. trans. by Legge in the *Chinese Classics*, Honkong, 1861—72. *Creative Intelligence* (John Dewey's chapter), New York, 1917. Cunningham, J. D.: *History of the Sikhs*, London, 1918. Dawson, M. M.: *The Ethics of Confucius*, New York, 1915. Deakin, A.: *Irrigated India and Ceylon*, London, 1893. Depping, G. B.: *Histoire du commerce entre le Levant et l'Europe*, 2 vols, Paris, 1830. Dickinson, G. L.: *Greek View of Life*, London, 1905. Dill, S.: *Roman Society in the last century of the Western Empire*, New York, 1899. Dopsch, A.: *Wirtschaftliche und Soziale Grundlage der europäischen Kultur*, Vienna, 1918. Dubreuil, G. J.: *Ancient History of the Deccan*, Madras, 1921. Dutt, R. C.: *Economic History of India* (modern), 2 vols, London, 1917. Enriques, F.: *Problems of Science* (trans. from the Italian by K. Royce), Chicago, 1914. Fazl, A.: *Ayeeni Akbari* (Gladwin's trans.), Calcutta, 1786. Freeman, E. A.: *Chief Periods of European History*, London, 1886. ,, *Historical Geography of Europe* (with atlas), London, 1903. *Freiheitskampf der indischen Nationalisten*, Berlin, 1918. Gilchrist, R. N.: *Indian Nationality*, London, 1920. Gomme, G. L.: *Folklore as an Historical Science*, London, 1908.

c5.s6.2

Griffiths, J.: *Paintings in the Buddhist Cave Temples of Ajanta*, London, 1896. Guizot: *History of Civilization in Europe* (Henry's trans.), New York, 1872. Guyot, Y.: *Causes and Consequences of the War*, New York, 1916. *Hague Court Reports*, ed by J. B. Scott, New York, 1916. Hall, G. S.: *Jesus the Christ in the light of Psychology*, 2 vols, New York, 1917. Hardy, R. S.: *Manual of Buddhism*, London, 1880. Havell, E. B.: *History of Aryan Rule in India*, London, 1919. Hocking, W. E.: *Human Nature and Its Remaking*, New Haven, 1918. Hoernle, A. F. R.: *Medicine of Ancient India*, Oxford 1907. Howorth, H. H.: *History of the Mongols*, Vols I and II, London, 1876—88. Hu, S.: *Development of Logic in Ancient China* (unpublished manuscript, Peking). Huntington, E.: *Civilization and Climate*, New Haven, 1915. ,, *Pulse of Asia*, Boston, 1907. ,, *World-Power and Evolution*, New Haven, 1919. Hussein, T.: *Philosophie Sociale d'Ibn Khaldoun*, Paris, 1917. Ibn Khaldoun: *Mokaddemah* (*Prolégomènes Historiques* trans. by de Slane), Paris, 1862—68. *Imperial Gazetteer of India*, Vols. XV, XXI. *Ibid*, *Indian Empire*, Vol. II.

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JOURNALS: *Collegian*, Calcutta, 1915, Sastri, H. P.: "Educative Influence of Sanskrit Literature". *Hindustan Review*, Allahabad, July, 1919, Sarkar, B. K.: "Comparative Literature from the Hindu Standpoint". *Ibid*, August, 1919, Gupta, K. M.: "Courtesanship in Buddhist India". *Ibid*, May-June 1920, Pande, H.: "The Vajji Country and the Mallas of Pava". *Indian Antiquary*, 1908, Poussin: "The Buddhist Councils". *Ibid*, 1913, Ghate's Eng. trans. of Buhler's German article on "Indian Artificial Poetry". *Ibid*, 1918, Bhandarkar, D. R.: "Dekkan of the Sâta-vâhana Period". *Indian Review*, Madras, July 1919: "The Minute of Dissent by Sir C. Sankaran Nair to the Government of India's Despatch of March 5, 1919." *International Journal of Ethics*, July, 1918, Sarkar, B. K.: "The Futurism of Young Asia", to be consulted in connection with ch. 1 sec. 2 of this treatise. *Journal of the American Oriental Society*, June 1910, Asakawa: "Notes on Village Government in Japan after 1600." *Journal of the Department of Letters* (Calcutta), Vol. IV, 1921, Sarkar (Bejoy): "Water Transport in Mediaeval India". *Journal of International Relations*, July 1919, Sarkar, B. K.: "Americanization from the Viewpoint of Young Asia." *Journal of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society*, 1886, (New Series), Macgowan: "Chinese Guilds or Chambers of Commerce and Trades Unions". *Journal of Race Development*, July 1912, Asakawa: "Contributions of Feudal Japan to New Japan". *Ibid*, April 1919, Barnes, H. E.: "The Struggle of Races and Social Groups as a Factor in the Development of Political and Social Institutions." *Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society*, 1903, Smith, V: A.: "The Position of the Autonomous Tribes of the Punjab." *Ibid*, 1908, Smith, V. A.: "History of the City of Kanauj." *Le Monde Illustré*, Paris, 19 Febr. 1921, M. Bourgeois: "Le Mouvement nationaliste dans l'Inde." *Modern Review*, June-Sept. 1912, Maitra, A. K.: "The Stones of Varendra." *Ibid*, March 1917, Sarkar, J. N.: "Oriental Monarchies."

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*Ibid*, July 1919, Raychaudhuri, H. C.: “Lichchhavis of Vaisali.” *Ibid*, Sept. 1919, Sarkar, B. K.: “The Fortunes of the Chinese Republic.” *Ibid*, January 1920, Sarkar, B. K.: “The Political Tendencies in Chinese Culture.” *The Nation*, New York, Dec. 28, 1918: “Proclamation of the All-Russian Congress announced by the Chief of the Oriental Division”; Oct. 13, 1920: Programme of the Communist International. *Open Court*, August 1919, Sarkar, B. K.: “Hindu View of Life.” *Political Science Quarterly*, New York, Dec. 1919, Sarkar, B. K.: “An English History of India.” *Prabâsî* (Bengali monthly), Calcutta, Vaiśâhkha, 1326 (April 1919), Vedantatirtha (Vanamali): “Inter-caste marriages.” *Sâhitya* (Bengali monthly), Calcutta, Vaiśâkha, 1323 (April 1916), Maitra, A. K.: “Bengali Ideals.” *Scientific Monthly*, New York, Jan. 1919, Sarkar, B. K.: “Democratic Background of Chinese Culture.” Kincaid, C. A. and Parasnis, D. B.: *History of the Maratha People*, London, 1918. Korzybski, A.: *The Manhood of Humanity: Science and Art of Human Engineering*, New York, 1921. Law, N. N.: *Promotion of Learning in India by Muhammadans*, London, 1915. Lea, H. C.: *History of Inquisition*, New York, 1888. Lenin and Trotzky: *Proletarian Revolution in Russia*, ed. by L. C. Fraina, New York, 1918. Letourneau, C. J. M.: *Property Its Origin and Development*, London, 1907. Lewes, G. H.: *Life of Goethe*, London, 1855. Lovett, V.: *History of the Indian Nationalist Movement*, New York, 1920. Macauliffe, M. A.: *Sikh Religion*, Oxford, 1909. Macdonald, J.: *Turkey and the Eastern Question*, London, 1913. Mackenzie, R.: *The Nineteenth Century*, London, 1891. Mann, H.: *Land and Labour in a Deccan Village*, London, 1917. Mawerdî: *El Akham es-Soulthaniyah* (*Les Statuts Gouvernementaux* by Fagnan), Paris, 1915. Mc Cabe, J.: *Peter Abelard*, New York, 1901. ,, *St Augustine and his Age*, New York, 1903. Mc Crackan, W. D.: *Rise of the Swiss Republic*, New York, 1901. Mencius, Eng. trans. by Legge in the *Chinese Classics*, Hongkong, 1861—72. Metcalfe, C.: *Report of the Select Committee of the House of Commons*, London, 1832. Mitra, R. L.: *Indo-Aryans*, London, 1881. Möller, W. Z.: *History of the Christian Church* (Eng. trans. by Rutherford), London, 1893. Montagu-Chelmsford: *Report on Indian Constitutional Reforms*, London, 1918. Mookerji, R. K.: *History of Indian Shipping*, London, 1912. Morse, H. B.: *The Gilds of China*, London, 1909. Mukerjee, R. K.: *The Foundations of Indian Economics*, London, 1916. Müller, F. Max: *History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature*, London, 1860. ,, *India What Can It Teach Us?*, London, 1883. Murray, G.: *Rise of the Greek Epic*, Oxford, 1911. Myres, F. L.: *The Influence of Anthropology upon the Course of Political Science*, Berkeley, 1916. Nietzsche, F. W.: *Works*, New York, 1911—14. Nizam-oul-Moulk: *Siasset Nameh* (*Traité du Gouvernement* by Schefer), Paris, 1893. Phillimore, W. G. F.: *Three Centuries of Treaties of Peace*, Boston, 1918. Pillai, K.: *Tamils Eighteen Hundred Years Ago*, not seen by the present author. “R. Bhandarkar Volumes”, Poona, 1920: Sukthankar’s paper on the Andhras. Rai (Lajpat): *Young India*, New York, 1916. Ranade, M. G.: *Rise of the Maratha Power*, Bombay, 1900. Rawlinson, H. G.: *Shivaji the Maratha*, Oxford, 1915.

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Ray, P. C.: *History of Hindu Chemistry*, Calcutta, 1902—09.

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Reinsch, P. S.: *Intellectual and Political Currents in the Far East*, Boston, 1911.

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,, *World Politics*, New York, 1916.

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Rignano, E.: *Essays in Scientific Synthesis* (trans from the Italian by Greenstreet, Chicago, 1918

c5.s6.9

Robertson, W.: *An Historical Disquisition concerning the Knowledge which the Ancients had of India* London, 1822.

c5.s6.10

Robinson, J. H.: *The New History*, New York, 1912.

c5.s6.11

Routledge: *Discoveries and Inventions of the Nineteenth Century*, London, 1899.

c5.s6.12

Rowlatt: *Report on Revolutionary Conspiracies in India*, Calcutta, 1918.

c5.s6.13

Russell, Bertrand: *Our Knowledge of the External World As a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy*, Chicago, 1914.

c5.s6.14

Sarda, H. B.: *Mahârâṇâ Kumbha*, Ajmer, 1917.

c5.s6.15

Sarkar, B. K.: *Chinese Religion Through Hindu Eyes*, Shanghai, 1916.

c5.s6.16

,, *Folk-Element in Hindu Culture*, London, 1917.

c5.s6.17

,, *Love in Hindu Literature*, Tokyo, 1916.

c5.s6.18

,, *Hindu Achievements in Exact Science*, New York, 1918.

c5.s6.19

,, *Hindu Art: Its Humanism and Modernism*, New York, 1920.

c5.s6.20

,, *Positive Background of Hindu Sociology*, Vol. I (Non-Political), Panini Office, Allahabad, 1914 Vol. II (Political), chs. 1—11, 1921.

c5.s6.21

Sarkar, J. N.: *History of Aurangzib*, 4 vols, Calcutta (Other volumes in preparation).

c5.s6.22

,, *Moghul Administration*, Calcutta, 1920

c5.s6.23

,, *Shivaji and His Times*, Calcutta, 1919.

c5.s6.24

Schiller, F. C. S.: *Humanism*, London, 1903.

c5.s6.25

Scott, J. B.: *Survey of International Relations between the U. S. and Germany*, New York, 1917.

c5.s6.26

Scott, S. P.: *History of the Moorish Empire in Europe*, Philadelphia, 1904.

c5.s6.27

Seal, B. N.: *Positive Sciences of the Ancient Hindus*, London, 1915.

c5.s6.28

Sewell, R.: *A Forgotten Empire*, London, 1900.

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Shepherd, W. R.: *Central and South America*, London, 1914.

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,, *Hispanic Nations of the New World*, New York, 1919.

c5.s6.31

Smith, V. A.: *Akbar the Great Mogul*, Oxford, 1917.

c5.s6.32

,, *Early History of India*, Oxford, 1914.

c5.s6.33

,, *Indian Constitutional Reform*, Oxford, 1919.

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,, *Oxford History of India*, 1919 (See the estimate of Smith's interpretations in Sarkar's article in the *P. S. Q.* above).

c5.s6.35

Stein, M. A.: *Ruins of Desert Cathay*, London, 1912.

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Taggart, F. J.: *Prolegomena to History*, Berkeley, 1916.

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Taylor, H. O.: *The Mediaeval Mind*, London, 1911.

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Toynbee, A.: *Industrial Revolution*, London, 1884.

c5.s6.39

Toynbee, A. J.: *Nationality and the War*, London, 1915.

c5.s6.40

Traill, H. D.: *Social England*, Vols V and VI, London, 1896.

c5.s6.41

Tucker, T. G.: *Life in Ancient Athens*, New York, 1914.

c5.s6.42

Uyehara, G. E.: *Political Development of Japan* (1867—1909), London, 1910.

c5.s6.43

Vambery, A.: *Western Culture in Eastern Lands*, London, 1906.

c5.s6.44

Vincent, W.: *Commerce and Navigation of the Ancients in the Indian Ocean*, London, 1807.

c5.s6.45

Wallas, G.: *Great Society*, New York, 1914.

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Walsh, J. J.: *The Thirteenth the Greatest of Centuries*, New York, 1907.

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Weir, A.: *Historical Basis of Modern Europe*, London, 1886.

c5.s6.48

Werner, E. T. C.: *Chinese Sociology*, London, 1910.

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Weyl, W.: *New Democracy*, New York, 1912.

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Young, A,: *Travels in France* (ed by Bethan Edwards), London, 1900. Young, G. F.: Young, G. F.: *East and West through Fifteen Centuries*, London, 1916. Yule, H.: *Book of Ser Marco Polo* (1254—1323), Vol. I, London, 1903.

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Scholars and institutions desiring to be in touch with the advances in the world's knowledge about ancient and mediaeval India will have to regularly consult the *Indian Antiquary* of Bombay, a monthly journal of antiquities, and the Annual Reports of the Archaeological Survey of India. Nor can they afford to do without the Calcutta monthly, the *Modern Review*, which, although chiefly a political magazine devoted to the promotion of national interests and discussion of current economic and social problems, addresses itself also to the interpretation of all phases of Indian culture.

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