[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [Shudras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958) › c11.239 # Shudras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600 c11.239 Śūdras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600 c11.239 - **Language:** English ### [c11.239](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c11.239) ¹ AŚ, III. 7. Kauṭilya introduces a new definition of the vrātyas, who, according to him, are sons begotten by impure men of any of the four varṇas on a woman of lower caste. Ibid. - [Previous: c11.238](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c11.238) - [Next: c11.240](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c11.240) - [Up: c11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c11) ## Cites (1) - [Kauṭilīya Arthaśāstra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.artha.kautilya.3.7) — Kauṭilya, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c11.239](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c11.239) · Pramāṇa