[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [Shudras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958) › c12.309 # Shudras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600 c12.309 Śūdras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600 c12.309 - **Language:** English ### [c12.309](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c12.309) ⁹ Manu, X, 8-9, 12, 16, 18, 19. By now some of the old castes had become hereditary, for we hear of the sons of the niṣādas and caṇḍālas (Pat. on Pā., IV. 1.97.) - [Previous: c12.308](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c12.308) - [Next: c12.310](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c12.310) - [Up: c12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c12) ## Cites (1) - [Mānava Dharmaśāstra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.manu.10.8) — Manu & Bhṛgu, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c12.309](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c12.309) · Pramāṇa