[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [Shudras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958) › c16.9 # Shudras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600 c16.9 Śūdras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600 c16.9 - **Language:** English ### [c16.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c16.9) ² According to Kangle’s translation of AŚ, III. 7 \*vrātyas\* are produced by impure men of three higher varṇas on women of the same varṇa. - [Previous: c16.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c16.8) - [Next: c16.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c16.10) - [Up: c16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c16) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c16.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c16.9) · Pramāṇa