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Shudras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600 c17.s4: Chapter III: Tribe versus Varṇa (c. 1000—c. 500 B.C.)

Śūdras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600 c17.s4

Language
English

Contents

Chapter III: Tribe versus Varṇa (c. 1000—c. 500 B.C.)

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¹ Books assigned to a period do not necessarily belong to it or deal only with it. It is also difficult to have a clear-cut point for beginning or ending a period.

Original Sources

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*Aitareya Brāhmaṇa* with the comm. of Sāyaṇa, Ed. T. Weber, Bonn, 1879. Tr. Martin Haug, Bombay, 1863.

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*Āpastamba Śrautasūtra* with the comm. of Rudradatta, Ed. Richard Garbe, 3 vols., Calcutta, 1882-1902. Ed. and Tr. W. Caland, 3 vols., Göttingen-Leipzig-Amsterdam, 1921-1928.

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*Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad* with the comm. of Śaṅkarācārya, Tr. Swami Madhavanand, Almora, 1950.

c17.s4.t1.4

*Bṛhad-devatā* attributed to Śaunaka, Ed. and Tr. A. A. Macdonell, HOS, v and vi, Harvard, 1904.

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*Chāndogya Upaniṣad*, Text, Tr. and Annotation, Emile Senart, Paris, 1930.

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*Drāhyāyaṇa Śrautasūtra* with the comm. of Dhanvin, Ed. J. N. Reutter, London, 1904.

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*Gopatha Brāhmaṇa*, Ed. Dienke Gaastra, Leiden, 1919.

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*Jaiminīya Brāhmaṇa of the Sāma Veda*, Ed. Raghu Vira and Lokesh Chandra, Nagpur, 1954.

c17.s4.t1.9

*Das Jaiminīya Brāhmaṇa in Auswahl*, Ed. and Tr. into German, W. Caland, Amsterdam, 1919.

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*Jaiminīya Śrautasūtra*, Ed. and Tr. into German, D. Gaastra, Leiden, 1906.

c17.s4.t1.11

*Jaiminīya or Talavakāra Upaniṣad Brāhmaṇa*, Ed. Rama Deva, Lahore, 1921.

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*Kāṇva Saṃhitā of the Śukla Yajur Veda*, Ed. Madhava Sastri, Banaras, 1915.

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*Kapiṣṭhala-Kaṭha Saṃhitā*, Ed. Raghu Vira, Lahore, 1932.

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*Kāṭhaka Saṃhitā*, Ed. Leopold von Schroder, Leipzig, 1900-1910.

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*Kātyāyana Śrautasūtra* with the comm. of Karkācārya, Ed. Madanmohan Pathak, Banaras, 1904.

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*Lāṭyāyana Śrautasūtra* with the comm. of Agnisvāmi, Ed. Anandacandra Vedāntarāgeśa, *BI*, Calcutta, 1872.

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*Maitrāyaṇi Saṃhitā*, Ed. Leopold von Schroder, Leipzig, 1923.

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*Nighaṇṭu and Nirukta*, Ed. and Tr. Lakshman Sarup. Text, University of Punjab, 1927. Eng. Tr. and Notes, Oxford, 1921.

c17.s4.t1.19

*Ṛg Veda Brāhmaṇas: Aitareya and Kauṣitaki Brāhmaṇas*. Tr. A. B. Keith, *HOS*, xxv, Harvard, 1920.

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*Śāṅkhāyana Brāhmaṇa*, *ASS*, No. 35, 1911.

c17.s4.t1.21

*Śāṅkhāyana Śrautasūtra*, Ed. A. Hillebrandt, *BI*, Calcutta, 1888.

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*Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa* (Mādhyandina recension), Ed. V. Sharma Gauḍa and C. D. Sharma, Kasi, Saṃvat, 1994-7.

c17.s4.t1.23

*Satyāṣāḍha (Hiraṇyakeśin) Śrautasūtra* with the comm. of Mahādeva, *ASS*, 1907.

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*Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa of the Black Yajur Veda*, with the comm. of Sāyaṇa, Ed. R. L. Mitra, 3 vols., Calcutta, 1859-70.

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*Taittirīya Saṃhitā*, Ed. A. Weber, *Indischen Studien*, Band 11 and 12, Leipzig, 1871-2. Tr. A. B. Keith, *HOS*, xviii and xix, Harvard, 1914.

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*The Thirteen Principal Upaniṣads*, Tr. R. E. Hume, Oxford, 1931.

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*Vājasaneyi Saṃhitā* (Mādhyandina recension) with the comm. of Uvaṭa and Mahīdhara, Ed. Wāsudev Laxmaṇ Shāstrī Paṇśikar, Bombay, 1912.

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*Vārāha Śrautasūtra*, Ed. W. Caland and Raghu Vira, Lahore, 1933.

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*Zend-Avesta*, pt. I Vendīdād, Tr. James Darmesteter, *SBE*, iv, Oxford, 1880.

Secondary Works

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A. C. Banerjea, “Studies in the Brāhmaṇas”, Ph. D. Thesis, London University, 1952.

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Jogiraj Basu, *India of the Age of the Brāhmaṇas*, Calcutta, 1969.

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M. Bloomfield, *The Atharvaveda*, Strassburg 1899.

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H. M. Chadwick, *The Heroic Age*, Cambridge, 1912.

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R. G. Forbes, *Metallurgy in Antiquity*, Leiden, 1950.

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Wilhelm Geiger, *Civilization of the Eastern Iranians in Ancient Times*, Tr. from the German by D. D. Poshotan Sanjānā, Vol. i, London, 1885.

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A. Hillebrandt, “Zur vedischen Mythologie und Volkerbewegung.” *ZII*, Band 3, Leipzig, 1925.

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A. A. Macdonell, *A Vedic Grammar for Students*, Oxford, 1916.

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J. Muir, “Relation of the Priests to the other Classes of Indian Society in the Vedic Age,” *JRAS*, NS, ii (1866), 257-302.

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Emile Benveniste, *Indo-European Language and Society*, London, 1973.

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G. C. Pande, *Studies in the Origins of Buddhism*, Allahabad, 1957.

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R. S. Sharma, “Class Formation and its Material Basis in the Upper Gangetic Basin (*c.* 1000-500 B.C.),” *IHR*, ii. No 1, 1975, 1-13.”

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” ” “The Later Vedic Phase and the Painted Grey Ware Culture,” *History and Society: Essays in Honour of Professor Niharranjan Ray*, Calcutta, 1978, pp. 133-41.

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George Thomson, *Studies in Ancient Greek Society*, i, London, 1949. Vibha Tripathi, *The Painted Grey Ware: An Iron Age Culture of Northern India*, Delhi, 1975. A. Weber, "Collectanea über die Kastenverhältnisse in den Brāhmaṇa und Sūtra", *Indische Studien*, x, 1-160. " " "Der erste Adhyāya des ersten Buches des Śatapatha-Brāhmaṇa", *ZDMG*, iv, 289-304. Heinrich Zimmer, *Altindisches Leben*, Berlin, 1879.