Shudras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600 c17.s5: Chapter IV: Servility and Disabilities (c. 600—c. 300 B.C.)

Śūdras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600 c17.s5

Language: English

c17.s5.t1 Original Sources — 5 parts

Chapter IV: Servility and Disabilities (c. 600—c. 300 B.C.)

Original Sources

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A. Brāhmaṇical *Āpastamba Dharmasūtra*, Ed. G. Bühler, Bombay, 1932. *Āśvalāyana Gṛhyasūtra* with the comm. of Haradattācārya, Ed. T. Gaṇapati Śāstrī, Trivandrum, 1923. *Baudhāyana Gṛhyasūtra*, Ed. R. Shamasastry, Mysore, 1927. *Baudhāyana Dharmasūtra*, Ed. E. Hultzsch, Leipzig, 1884. *Gautama Dharmasūtra*, Ed. A.S. Stenzler, London, 1876, with the comm. of Maskarin, Ed. L. Srinivasacharya, Mysore, 1917. *Pāṇini-Sūtra-Pāṭha and Pariśiṣṭas* with Word Index, compiled by S. Pathak and S. Chitrao, Poona, 1935. *Pāraskara Gṛhyasūtra*, Bombay, 1917. *Śāṅkhāyana Gṛhyasūtra*, Ed. H. Oldenberg in *Indische Studien*, xv, pp. 13f. *Vasiṣṭha Dharmaśāstra*, Ed. A. A. Führer, Bombay, 1916 Trs. of the Gṛhyasūtras of Śāṅkhāyana, Āśvalāyana, Pāraskara, Khadira, Gobhila, Hiraṇyakeśin and Āpastamba by H. Oldenberg in *SBE*, xxix and xxx, Oxford, 1886-92. Trs. of the Dharmasūtras of Āpastamba, Gautama, Vasiṣṭha and Baudhāyana by G. Bühler in *SBE*, ii and xiv, Oxford 1879-82.

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B. Buddhist *Aṅguttara Nikāya*, Ed. R. Morris and E. Hardy, 5 vols., PTS, London, 1885-1900. Tr. i, ii and v by F. L. Woodward, and iii and iv by E. M. Hare, PTS, London, 1932-36. *Dīgha Nikāya*, Ed. T. W. Rhys Davids and J.E. Carpenter, 3 vols., PTS, London, 1890-1911. Tr. T. W. Rhys Davids 3 vols., *SBB*, London, 1899-21. *Jātaka* with commentary, Ed. V. Fausböll, 7 vols. (Vol. 7, Index, by D. Anderson) London, 1877-97. Tr. Various hands, 6 vols., London, 1895-1907. *Majjhima Nikāya*, Ed. V. Trenckner and R. Chalmers, PTS, 3 vols., London, 1888-1896. Tr. Lord Chalmers, 2 vols., *SBB*, London 1926-7. *Vinaya Piṭaka*, Ed. H. Oldenberg, 5 vols., London, 1879-83. Tr. I. B. Horner, 5 pts., *SBB*, London, 1938-52.

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C. Jain. *Antagaḍa-Dasāo* and *Aṇuttarovavāiya-Dasāo*, Ed. P. L. Vaidya, Bombay, 1932. Tr. L. D. Barnett, London, 1907. *Āyāraṅga Sutta* of the Śvetāmbara Jainas, Ed. H. Jacobi, PTS, London, 1882. *Kalpasūtra* of Bhadrabāhu, Ed. H. Jacobi, Leipzig, 1879. *Ovāiya* (or *Aupapātikasūtra* with Abhayadeva's comm., Ed. Muni Hemasāgara, Āgamodaya Samiti publication. *Sthānāṅga Sūtra* with the comm. of Abhayadeva, Ed. Veṇīcandra Suracandra, 2 vols., Bombay, 1918-20. *Sūyagaḍam*, Ed. P. L. Vaidya, Bombay, 1928. *Uttarādhyayanasūtra*, Ed. Jarl Charpentier, Uppsala, 1922. *Uvāsagadasāo*, Ed. A.F. Rudolf Hoernle, Calcutta, 1890.

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SECONDARY WORKS V. S. Agrawala, *India as known to Pāṇini*, Lucknow, 1953. V. M. Apte, *Social and Religious Life in the Gṛhyasūtras*, Bombay, 1954. N. C. Banerjee, "Slavery in Ancient India" *The Calcutta Review* (Aug. 1930), pp. 249-265.

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A. L. Basham, *History and Doctrines of the Ājīvikas*, London, 1951. Shivnath Basu, "Slavery in the Jātakas", *JBORS*, ix, 369-375. Richard Fick, *The Social Organisation in North-East India in Buddha's time*, Calcutta, 1920. Ivor Fiśer, "The Problem of the Seṭṭhi in Buddhist Jātakas", *AO*, xxii, 238-265. U. N. Ghoshal, "The Status of Śūdras in the Dharma-sūtras", *IC*, xiv, 21-27. Ram Gopal, *India in Vedic Kalpasūtras*, Delhi 1959. D. D. Kosambi, "Ancient Kosala and Magadha", *JBBRAS*, NS, xxvii. B. C. Law, "Slavery as known to Early Buddhists," *Journal of the Ganganath Jha Research Institute*, vi, 1948, 1-10. F. Max Müller, *The Hibbert Lectures 1878*, London, 1880. B. C. Law, *India as Described in Early Texts of Buddhism and Jainism*, London, 1941. R. N. Mehta, *Pre-Buddhist India*, Bombay, 1939. J. J. Meyer, *Uber das Wesen der altindischen Rechtsschriften und zehr Verhaltnis Einander und zu Kauṭilya*, Leipzig, 1927. Rodolf Mondolfo, "Greek Attitude to Manual Labour" *Past and Present*, No. 6. W. Rahul, *What the Buddha Taught*, Badford 1959. T. W. Rhys Davids, *Buddhist India*, London, 1903. R. S. Sharma, "Development of Productive Forces and its Social Implications in India in the First Millennium B.C. With special reference to the Age of the Buddha". Paper presented to International Conference on Development of Productive Techniques and their Consequences for Social Formation, Berlin, G.D.R. November, 1978. ,, "Material Milieu of the Birth of Buddhism", *Das Kapital Centenary Volume*, Delhi, 1967. Narendra Wagle, *Society at the Time of the Buddha*, Bombay, 1966. A. K. Warder, *Indian Buddhism*, Varanasi, 1970. W. L. Westermann, *The Slaves System of Greek and Roman Antiquity*, Philadelphia, 1955.