[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [Shudras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958) › c19.7 # Shudras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600 c19.7 Śūdras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600 c19.7 - **Language:** English ### [c19.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c19.7) Bhaṭṭasvāmin, a commentator, 164-5 Bhavisya Purāṇa, 70, 246, 294 bhikṣus, 306 Bhṛgu, 225 bhṛjyakantḥa (also bhūjakaṇṭaka), a mixed caste, 333, 335-6 bhūmidānapraśaṃsā (of the Mahābhārata), 327 Bihar, 29, 91, 95, 259, 329, 331-2, 335 Bimbisāra, 148, 182 blacks (aborigines), 23 Bodhisatta, 98, 107, 147, 151 brahma, 58, 63-4 Brahmā, 28 Brahmakhaṇḍa (of the Brahmavaivarta Purāṇa), 337 brāhmaṇas (priests), work on, 4, 7; in the early Vedic period, 20, 34-5, 41, 46; in the later Vedic period, 57-8, 61, 64-5, 71, 72-3, 80, 82-4, 86-7; in the pre-Mauryan period, 94, 96-7, 100, 102, 104-5, 113-5, 117-20, 123-32, 136-48, 150, 152-4, 156; in the Mauryan period, 174, 176-8, 183-5, 187, 189; in the post-Mauryan period, 202-3, 206-23, 225, 228-9, 230, 232, 233-7, 239; in the Gupta period, 245, 248, 253, 256-8, 265, 267-8, 272-88, 293, 297, 300, 302-3, 305-11, 312, 317, 319, 321; contrast with the śūdras, 322, 326, 328, 330, 333, 334-6, 338-40, 343 Brāhmaṇas, literature, 46, 48, 71 Brahmāṇḍa Purāṇa, 234, 238, 281 Brahma Purāṇa, 299 Brahmanism, 22, 242 Brahmarṣideśa, 191 Brahmāvarta, 191, 335 Brahmavaivarta Purāṇa, 327 brahmicide, 22 Brazil, 183 Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad, 86, 89 Bṛhaddevatā, 69 Bṛhaspati, the Smṛti of, 15, 245-6, 248, 250-52, 255, 258, 262, 266-7, 270, 272, 274-6, 285-6, 290, 297, 303, 307, 327-8 Bṛhat Saṃhitā, 247, 258 Britain, 1 Broach, 341 Buddha, 43, 94, 96, 306 Buddhism, its attitude towards the lower orders, 146-55, 190 Buddhists, 96, 242, 324, 338 Buddhist lexicon, 44 Buddhist missionaries, 338 Buddhist monks, 199, 338 Buddhist Saṃgha, 203, 306 - [Previous: c19.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c19.6) - [Next: c19.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c19.8) - [Up: c19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c19) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c19.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c19.7) · Pramāṇa