[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [Shudras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958) › c8.235 # Shudras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600 c8.235 Śūdras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600 c8.235 - **Language:** English ### [c8.235](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c8.235) ⁵ \*yé dhivāno rathakāraḥ karmārayé manīṣiṇaḥ; upastīnparṇa máhyam tvám sárvāṅkṛṇvabhīto jánān. AV, III. 5.6.\* Bloomfield's tr. is followed here. Whitney gives the same tr. as Bloomfield, but takes \*upastīns\* in the sense of subjects after Sāyaṇa. Sā. takes \*dhivānaḥ\* and \*manīṣiṇaḥ\* as separate nouns meaning fishermen and intellectuals. The Paipp. text is slightly different; \*ye takṣāṇo rathakārā karmārā ye manīṣiṇaḥ; sarvāṃs tān parṇa randhayopastīṃ kṛṇu medinam. III, 13.7.\* - [Previous: c8.234](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c8.234) - [Next: c8.236](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c8.236) - [Up: c8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c8) ## Cites (1) - [Atharvavedasaṃhitā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.samhita.atharva.3.5.6) — Atharvan & Aṅgiras, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c8.235](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.sharma-1958.c8.235) · Pramāṇa