[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [A Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology and Religion, Geography, History, and Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.dowson-1879) › c5.999 # A Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology and Religion, Geography, History, and Literature c5.999 A Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology and Religion, Geography, History, and Literature c5.999 - **Language:** English ### [c5.999](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.dowson-1879.c5.999) MĀDHAVA, MĀDHAVĀCHĀRYA. A celebrated scholar and religious teacher. He was a native of Tuluva, and became prime minister of Vīra Bukka Rāya, king of the great Hindu state of Vijaya-nagara, who lived in the fourteenth century. He was brother of Sāyana, the author of the great commentary on the Veda, in which work Mādhava himself is believed to have shared. Wilson observes, “Both the brothers are celebrated as scholars, and many important works are attributed to them; not only scholia on the Sanhitās and Brāhmanas of the Vedas, but original works on grammar and law; the fact no doubt being, that they availed themselves of those means which their situation and influence secured them, and employed the most learned Brāhmans they could attract to Vijaya-nagara upon the works which bear their names, and to which they contributed their own labour and learning; their works were therefore compiled under peculiar advantages, and are deservedly held in the highest estimation.” Among the works of Mādhava are the Sarva-darsana-sangraha and the Sankshepa Sankara-vijaya. Mādhava was a worshipper of Vishnu, and as a religious philosopher he held the doctrine of dwaita or dualism, according to which the supreme soul of the universe and the human soul are distinct. Thus he was opposed to the teaching of Sankarācharya, who was a follower of Siva, and upheld the Vedānta doctrine of a-dwaita, “no duality,” according to which God and soul, spirit and matter, are all one. - [Previous: c5.998](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.dowson-1879.c5.998) - [Next: c5.1000](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.dowson-1879.c5.1000) - [Up: c5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.dowson-1879.c5) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.dowson-1879.c5.999](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.dowson-1879.c5.999) · Pramāṇa