[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989) › v1.c11.s1 # An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v1.c11.s1: 6.1 Awls An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v1.c11.s1 - **Language:** English ### 6.1 Awls ### [v1.c11.s1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c11.s1.1) Plain, notched or grooved awls with pointed working end have been in use as stitchers/borers in the Middle Palaeolithic period \[4.3\] and onwards. The Middle and Upper Palaeolithic \[4.4.\] awls/borers made on quartzite or quartz group of minerals have been found in the BELAN and Luni valleys. Mesolithic \[4.5\] awls have been recovered from LANGHNAJ, ADAMGARH, JABALPUR, BAGOR Chittoor and BIRBHANPUR. They are square, rectangular, or round on plan with a thick projecting point, having a deep notch at the side of the flake. ### [v1.c11.s1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c11.s1.2) In the Neolithic period \[4.6\], as is evidenced at BAGOR, ADAMGARH, BURZAHOM and CHIRAND, bone replaced stone as raw material. The shape also became oblong. ### [v1.c11.s1.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c11.s1.3) In the Harappa \[4.9\] and Chalcolithic \[4.14\] levels at LOTHAL, KALIBANGAN, Harappa, Mohenjo-daro and NAVDATOLI copper and bronze awls used for heavier work have been found. The Harappa sites have also yielded awls of bone and ivory. ### [v1.c11.s1.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c11.s1.4) Bone awls of the historical period have been recovered from ALLAHAPUR, HASTINĀPURA, UJJAIN, PRAKASH and BRAHMAGIRI. In late levels iron awls predominate. ### [v1.c11.s1.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c11.s1.5) For sites see respective entries in vol. II.—R.P. SHARMA ## Linked texts (15) - [Harappā](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.harappa) - [Mohenjo-daro](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.mohenjo-daro) - [Lothal](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.lothal) - [Kālībangan](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.kalibangan) - [Hastināpura](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.hastinapura) - [Burzahom](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.burzahom) - [Chirand](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.chirand) - [Navdatoli](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.navdatoli) - [Langhnaj](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.langhnaj) - [Prakash](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.prakash) - [Birbhanpur](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.birbhanpur) - [Bagor](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.bagor) - [Allahapur](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.allahapur) - [Jabalpur](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.jabalpur) - [Adamgarh](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.adamgarh) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c11.s1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c11.s1) · Pramāṇa