[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989) › v1.c14.s2.24 # An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v1.c14.s2.24 An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v1.c14.s2.24 - **Language:** English ### [v1.c14.s2.24](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c14.s2.24) It can be said therefore that the pattern of economy based on hunting-gathering and pastoralism which developed in Rajasthan around 7000 B.P. as suggested by the archaeological evidence from BAGOR and TILWARA and the ¹⁴C dates from Bagor continued to persist until about 2000 years ago and does so to some extent to this day. Permanent settlements based on agriculture began to appear only after 2000 B.P. The stimulus for the colonization of the desert by agriculturists was provided by the pressure of population in more favourable areas on the margins of the desert, for example n.-e. Rajasthan, where agricultural way of life was established before 1000 B.C. during the OCW \[4.12\] phase. The amelioration in climate during the Holocene did not play any role in inducing farmers to colonize the desert. The birth and flourishing of pre-Harappa, Harappa, PGW and Rang Mahal cultures in the Ghaggar valley would appear to have been determined by the fluctuations ir the hydrology of the river which in turn were controlled by geomorphic factors operating in the Himalayas and the Indo-Ganga Divide as suggested by Raikes, 1968. There is no evidence to credit the improvement in climate for the rise of these cultures on the fringe of the desert and on a river course fed by the perennial snows of the Himalayas. - [Previous: v1.c14.s2.23](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c14.s2.23) - [Next: v1.c14.s2.25](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c14.s2.25) - [Up: v1.c14.s2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c14.s2) ## Linked texts (2) - [Tilwara](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.tilwara) - [Bagor](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.bagor) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c14.s2.24](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c14.s2.24) · Pramāṇa