[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989) › v1.c14.s8.t1.1 # An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v1.c14.s8.t1.1 An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v1.c14.s8.t1.1 - **Language:** English ### [v1.c14.s8.t1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c14.s8.t1.1) The boundary separating the Pleistocene from the preceding Pliocene is a much debated subject both in India and elsewhere. Recent work on sea sediments has thrown welcome light on this problem and there appears to be a considerable agreement in placing the Plio-Pleistocene boundary at about two million years ago. Ericson and Wollin, 1966, have shown that the boundary is marked by the following: (i) extinction of discosters which had abounded for the preceding 75 million years; (ii) first appearance of \*Globoratalia truncatulinoides\*; (iii) extinction of \*Globigerinoides sacculiferon fistulosa\* above the boundary; and (iv) appearance of a uniform lineage of \*G. menardii\*. Significantly enough, this boundary is also marked by a geomagnetic event, the Olduvai Normal, during the Matuyama Reversed Epoch (Leakey, 1965). Zeuner, 1959, suggested that the appearance of Villefranchian fauna (\*Equus\*, \*Bos\* and \*Elephas\*) and the appearance of the first major glaciation (Alpine Günz) marked the Plio-Pleistocene boundary on land. - [Previous: v1.c14.s7.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c14.s7.4) - [Next: v1.c14.s8.t1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c14.s8.t1.2) - [Up: v1.c14.s8.t1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c14.s8.t1) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c14.s8.t1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c14.s8.t1.1) · Pramāṇa