[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989) › v1.c19.s11.1 # An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v1.c19.s11.1 An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v1.c19.s11.1 - **Language:** English ### [v1.c19.s11.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c19.s11.1) Kitchen middens or deposits containing leftovers of prehistoric communities are found all over the Andaman Islands, more on the coastline than in the interior. They are composed chiefly of edible mollusc shells intermixed with animal bones, potsherds, implements of stones, bone and shell. The first study on the midden relics, collected by J.C. Haughton, 1863, is by Theobald, 1862. Most investigations have been conducted in s. Andaman—around Port Blair, at Hope Town, Bamboo Flat, Chauldari—and in middle Andaman, notably at Beehive Hill. The evidence suggests a tropical maritime ecology. The faunal remains attest animal life not different from those of the present. No absolute dating is available, but the lithic evidence suggests a date of around the beginning of the Christian era. Typologically the middle Andaman middens antedate the s. Andaman ones. The Beehive lithic industry bears resemblance with 'Toalean' flake and blade industry of S.-E. Asia (van Heekeren, 1972, p. 106). - [Previous: v1.c19.s10.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c19.s10.4) - [Next: v1.c19.s11.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c19.s11.2) - [Up: v1.c19.s11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c19.s11) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c19.s11.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c19.s11.1) · Pramāṇa