[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989) › v1.c19.s12.t3.1 # An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v1.c19.s12.t3.1 An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v1.c19.s12.t3.1 - **Language:** English ### [v1.c19.s12.t3.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c19.s12.t3.1) Jaina literature abounds in references to \*stūpas\*, but the extant remains date only from the Kushan period. Sporadic diggings show that the Jaina establishment at Kankali-tila, MATHURA, grew up around a \*stūpa\* which formed the supreme object of veneration. No single monument has, however, been identified as yet. From the representations on \*āyāga-paṭas\* it appears that the Jaina \*stūpas\* were not much different from the Buddhist \*stūpas\* 1, 2 and 3 of Sanchi. They were without embellishments, the urge for decoration having found expression on the railings and gateways. Epigraphical evidence also points to the existence of a temple and \*vihāras\* for the residence of monks in the 2nd century B.C., but it is not possible to reconstruct these structures. - [Previous: v1.c19.s12.t2.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c19.s12.t2.10) - [Next: v1.c19.s12.t3.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c19.s12.t3.2) - [Up: v1.c19.s12.t3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c19.s12.t3) ## Linked texts (1) - [Sāñcī](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.sanchi) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c19.s12.t3.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c19.s12.t3.1) · Pramāṇa