[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989) › v1.c20.s1.t3.6 # An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v1.c20.s1.t3.6 An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v1.c20.s1.t3.6 - **Language:** English ### [v1.c20.s1.t3.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c20.s1.t3.6) (b) Mahanadi valley: A number of vertebrate fossils—\*Bos\* sp., \*Bos namadicus\*, \*Cervus\* sp., \*Equus namadicus\*—have for the first time been discovered in the upper Mahanadi valley (Joshi \*et al.\*, 1978), generally associated with Middle Palaeolithic tools. Though the faunal material is scanty, it helps in fixing the chronology of the Middle Palaeolithic \[4.3\] cultures. The presence of the fossils indicates that the valley was probably a vast savannah land with abundant vegetation and water which supported a variety of these ungulates. During the Upper Pleistocene the neighbouring forests must have provided a varied assemblage of wild animals. Even today the jackal, wolf, hare, \*nilgai\*, \*chital\*, antelope, deer, buffalo, bear, lion and leopard abound in the hilly and forested areas. - [Previous: v1.c20.s1.t3.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c20.s1.t3.5) - [Next: v1.c20.s1.t3.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c20.s1.t3.7) - [Up: v1.c20.s1.t3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c20.s1.t3) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c20.s1.t3.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c20.s1.t3.6) · Pramāṇa