[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989) › v1.c26.382 # An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v1.c26.382 An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v1.c26.382 - **Language:** English ### [v1.c26.382.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c26.382.1) Pabhosa, artificial cave at, 301 Paddayya, K., 283, 292, 310 paddy-husk, 99; container of, 143 Pahang, 48 Pahara, Megalithic pottery at, 243 Paharpur, Jaina monastery at, 300; ring-wells from, 306 Pahalgam, 21, 23; formations, 206; glaciofluvial deposits at, 206; tools at, 209 Paimer valley, fossils of \*cervus\* Sp., \*Axis\* Sp. in, 309 Painted Grey Ware (PGW), 168, 240, 241-43, 244 Painted Grey Ware (PGW) culture, 18, 72, 74, 75, 90, 91, 94, 132, 133, 135, 137, 170, 193, 235, 240, 244, 254, 290, 330; animal figurines in, 338; axes from, 177; bone or ivory dice in, 178; bone and ivory styli in, 370; burial in 267; combs in, 345; ear ornament in, 223; female figurines in, 267; human figurines in, 340; human-shaped amulets in, 261, monochrome glass bangles in, 224; oblong graves in, 267; ovens in, 184; \*Pinus roxburghii\* Sargent in, 9; settlement in, 289, 290; spindle-whorls from, 187; terracotta disc from, 136, 179; terracotta or kaolin figures in, 339, 341; terracotta gaming pieces in, 179 Paisuni valley, Megalithic pottery in, 243 Paithan, 28, 132, 213; animal figurines at, 339; beads from, 216; bead making centres at, 217; brick-lined drain at, 147; bullae at, 178; ¹⁴C date for, 28; carnelian from, 220; cultural equipments at, 148; evidence of flood at, 203; fossil evidence at, 309; handmade figurines at, 180; human figurines at, 341; nude goddess at, 269; rock-cut terrace at, 213; tiles at, 296; ### [v1.c26.382.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c26.382.2) traces of cloth at, 335 Paiyampallı, 7, 68, 128, 291, ¹⁴C dated Neolithic sites of, 170; ¹⁴C dates for, 112; cattle figurines at, 338; clay animal figurines from, 339; \*Dolichos biflorus\* at, 7; domestication of plants from, 47; \*Eleusine coracana\* at, 6; green gram at, 319; \*Phaseolu mungo\* at, 8; post-holes and rubble footing at, 128; pottery at, 227; sarcophagus at, 275; trap dykes in, 68 Pakhal lakes, 303 Pakistan, 1, 27, 48, 69, 72, 79, 109, 198, 228, 290; farming communities in, 44; megaliths in, 115; Neolithic culture of, 46 Pal Neodhia, chalcolithic site at, 98 Pāla period, coin, 156; evidence of flood, 203 palaeobotanical evidence, 47 palaeobotany, 192 palaeochannels, 199, 200 palaeoclimate, 193, 204 palaeoclimatic studies, 209 palaeography, 172, 173, 174 palaeolandforms, 199 Palaeolithic culture, 18, 19, 40; hunter and gatherer in, 213; implements of, 22, 26; rock painting, 51; settlement pattern of, 285; stone tools in, 293, 316, 331-32; stratigraphic sequence for, 53; stratigraphic studies, 208 \*Palaeoloxod n namadicus\*, 308; fossils of, 309 palaeontological evidence, 207 Palakondas, upper palaeolithic site in, 286 Palanpur (Dt), tin-bearing localities in, 328 Palavoy, animal bones at, 66; ash-mound at, 292; ¹⁴C-dated Neolithic site of, 170; ¹⁴C dates for, 65, 67; cattle bones at, 2; Neolithic pottery at, 227 Palestine, 7, 8, 349 Pallavas, 367 Pallavamedu, ovens at, 184 Pallavaram, 8; palaeolith at, 18, 204; sarcophagus at, 275; ### [v1.c26.382.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c26.382.3) terracotta sarcophagi from, 112 palm leaves, 360 Paltha terraces, pebble tools from, 23 Palynology, 193-94 Pampur, menhirs at, 116; Neolithic culture at, 49 \*Pancatantra\*, 83 Panchamarhi, burials at, 265; painted shelters at, 281; rock-art sites at, 279 Pandey, 366 Pandi Wahi, 77 Pandu Rajar Dhibi, 5, 98, 110, 290; black-and-red ware at, 95, 237, 238, 246; bowls from, 188; burial practice at, 99; ¹⁴C dates from, 100; chisels from, 178; copper bangles from, 224; dishes-on-stand, bowls-on-stand from, 100; evidence of flood at, 202; gold foil beads from, 326; handmade grey ware at, 100; human remains from, 317; human torso from, 100; iron slag from, 328; ivory combs at, 345; microliths from, 100; \*Oryza\* (rice) at, 6; ovens at, 184; paddy husks at, 99; pottery of, 246; settlements at, 143, 237, 290; skeletons from, 317; spouts at, 188; stone celts from, 56; terracotta double-axe from, 352 Panduvaram Deval, terracotta sarcophagus from, 275 Pandya, 297; coins, 196; Sanskrit inscriptions of, 367 \*Pangsura tectum\*, 308 Pāṇinī, 360, 366 \*Paṇṇavaṇa-sūtra\*, 368 Pant, P.C., 23 Parameśvara-\*taḍāka\*, 303 Paravai, Russet-coated Painted Ware at, 258 Parihati, bar celt at, 74; copper axes at, 176; double-axes at, 74 Pariyapuram, \*Oryza\* (rice) at, 6 Pariyar, harpoons from, 350 Parkho-darra caves, 27 Parpola, 362 pastoralism, 1, 70, 198, 201 Pasupati seal, 364 Pāṭaliputra, 6, 156, 189, 214, 290, 340; animal figurines of, 338; beads from, 216, 219; Black-slipped Ware at, 240; ### [v1.c26.382.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c26.382.4) bone arrowheads at, 354; burnt-brick walls at, 141; copper ladles from, 189; copper mirror at, 347; dice from, 179; glass bead from, 219; human figurines at, 340; male figurines from, 340; moats at, 298; mother goddess at, 268, 277; net-sinkers from, 183; \*Oryza\* (rice) at, 6; settlement at, 290; \*Shorea robusta\* Gaertn. f. at, 9; timber palisades of, 141 Patan, settlements at, 155 Paterson, T.T., 19, 164 Patihari, Megalithic pottery at, 243 Patna, blades and burins at, 32; ostrich eggshell pieces from, 35, 36, 332; upper Palaeolithic and Megalithic sediments at, 35 Patpad, mortars from, 186; steatite disc bead at, 106 \*Pattinappalai\*, 297 Paunar, 6, 260, 277, 355; amphorae sherds from, 145; aquatic animals at, 278; blade fragments from, 355; Celadon Ware at, 260; cultural equipment at, 148; iron nails from, 183; lamps on rims at, 277; masks at, 182; Megalithic Black-and-Red Ware at, 122; \*Oryza\* (rice) at, 6; rattles from, 180; Red Polished Ware sprinklers at, 189; red-slipped pottery at, 162; \*Sorghum\* at, 7; spearhead from, 356; spouted vessels from, 188; terracotta disc at, 179; terracotta gamesmen at, 179; terracotta lion-head at, 182; tiles at, 296; votive tank at, 277, 278 Pauni, 172; Buddhist \*stūpa\* site of, 291; copper punch-marked coins at, 171; handled ladles from, 189; memorial pillar at, 269; \*Oryza\* (rice) at, 6; spouted vessels from, 186; ### [v1.c26.382.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c26.382.5) \*stūpas\* at, 147 Pawari, Megalithic pottery at, 243 Pawaya, settlement at, 291 Pazhayannur, trancepted cist at, 130 peacock, 56, 251 Pearse, 120 pebble tool culture, 23 Peddabankur, antimony rods at, 342; tiles at, 296; wells at, 305 pen-knives, 101, 103 Penck's geological dating method, 165 pendant(s), 93, 116, 136, 139, 141, 146, 221, 222, 223, 224, 327; dagger, 355; mirror, 347, 348 \*Pennisetum typhoideum\* (pearl millet, \*bajra\*), 6 Penultimate Glaciation, 208 Peppe, W.C., 271 Perambalur taluk, trap dykes in, 68 percussion and punch technique, 30 perforators, 35 Periano Ghundai, 75, 77, 78; phallic representation from, 276 \*Periplus\*, 144, 195, 220 Persia, 312 Persian-Arabic alphabet, 367 Persian and Greek coins, 196 Persian Gulf seal, 69, 84, 331 Perumbair, finds from, 248; iron sickles at, 187; sarcophagus at, 275 Peshawar, metal casket at, 270 pestle(s), 46, 53, 56, 59, 109, 111, 144, 185-86 \*Phaseolus mungo\* (black gram, \*urd\*), 8, 103, 104, 105, 122, 319 \*Phaseolus radiatus\* (green gram \*mung\*), 8, 103, 104, 105, 319 Phoenician scripts, 366 \*Phoenix dactylifera\*, 7 \*Phoenix\* Sp., 7 pick(s), 44, 46, 51, 52, 63, 68; axes, 45 pictographs, 359 pig \*see Susscrofa cristatus\* Piggott, Stuart, 167, 347 pigment-grinder, stone, 122 Piklihal, 5, 124, 317; animal bones at, 66; animal remains from, 47; blade industry at, 65; bones of goat at, 3; bowls from, 188; cattle figurines at, 338; ceramic tradition in, 106; chisels from, 66, 107; head-rests at, 267; human remains at, 317; ### [v1.c26.382.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c26.382.6) iron knives from, 356; male torso at, 339; Neolithic culture at, 123; nodules and artefacts at, 333; paintings and bruisings at, 67; pottery at, 227, 320; pulses and oilseeds at, 319; rock-shelters at, 66; settlement at, 291; terracotta figurines of bull and birds from, 67; tools at, 333 Pilgrim, G.E., 21, 308, 309 pillars, memorial, 269-70 Pimpalgaon, dolmen at, 121 pins, 46, 100, 107, 109, 157; hooked, 136 Pinjor Formation, 307 --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c26.382](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c26.382) · Pramāṇa