An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v1.c26.450

Language: English

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Sabarmati, 22, 165, 213 Sachor, Jaina centre at, 301 sacrificial pits and altars, 264 safflower *see Carthamus tinctorius* Sagar (Dt), 121, 279 Sagardighi, bathing ghats at, 157 Sagarhawa, 263 Sagunaghat, 308 Sahebganj, Neolithic tools from, 56 Saheth-Maheth, wells at, 305 Sahni, D.R., 79 Sahni, M.R., 202 Sahni, M.R. and Khan, 205 Saindhava, 367 Saipai, 74, 289; Copper Hoards at, 95; hooked spearhead and harpoon at, 93; OCW from, 91, 93; OCW cultures at, 93, 94, 289; sling-balls of, 187 Śaivism, 86, 160, 163 Saka period, 304 Saka Kṣatrapas, 366; Kharoṣṭhī use of, 369 Saka Kushan period, 369; animal bones in, 264; sherds bearing textile impression in, 335 Saka-Parthian levels, amphorae in, 258; censers in, 261; iron arrowheads of, 353; knife and dagger-handles in, 355; quern from, 185; toilet casket in, 343 Sakardihi, vase, bowl, etc., at, 237 Śāktism, 127 Sal-Kopai-Ajay Zone, 100; microlithic blades, stone axes, etc., in, 101 Salad, *chāyā-stambhas* from, 269 Salem, 68, 69 Salihundam, 162; monastic establishment at, 149; Rouletted Ware at, 149, 259; *śaṅkhas* from, 205; spouts at, 188; *stūpas* at, 291; Tantric sect at, 163; terracotta disc from, 179; terracotta gamesmen at, 179; terracotta spools at, 223; tiles from, 296; vessels from, 189; weights from, 190 Salipetaka, *caitya* at, 265 Salvadigi, blade tools at, 32;

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remains of upper Palaeolithic man from, 37 *Samavayāṅga sūtra*, 368 Samba, 23 Sambalpur, 24 *sambhar see Cervus univolor Kerr* Sambhar, 137, 138, 153, 155, 278, 290; aquatic animals at, 278; arrowheads at, 352; birds on rim at, 277; building remains at, 154; bullae at, 178; cart model at, 336; clay censers at, 261; copper and soapstone finger rings from, 222; copper ladles at, 189; cuboid dice of, 178; dabbers from, 154, 329; dwellings at, 137; handmade figurines at, 180; iron bridle-bit at, 336; iron stirrup from, 336; ivory comb from, 346; *jhajhara* at, 154; knives at, 181, 356; lamps on rim at, 277; medallions from, 179; metal caskets from, 342; ovens of, 184; ring with bezel at, 222; seal from, 138; sickles at, 187; spouts at, 188; steatite and soapstone caskets from, 343; tanks at, 278; terracotta bird rattles from, 180; terracotta plaque from, 138; toy models from, 180, 336; Umā-Maheśvara figures at, 154; vessels at, 188, 189; votive tank at, 277, 278; wells at, 305 Sambhar lake, absolute dating of, 194; palynological studies in, 47, 198 Samian Ware, 257 Sana, rock-cut *caityagṛhas* at, 300 Sanand, centres of trade at, 139 Sanchari *see* Machari Sanchi, 221, 300; circular structures at, 299; coin moulds from, 11, 329; evidence of stitched garments from, 183; locks and keys from, 182; monastic establishments at, 145, 299; relics of Buddha from, 270; sculptural remains at, 183; stone boxes at, 272;

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*stūpas* at, 299, 301 sand-dunes, 32, 35, 39, 40, 43, 194, 197, 205, 265, 286; formation of, 198; Mesolithic, 39, stratigraphy of, 199 Sangaloi, Russet-coated Painted Ware at, 258 Sangamedu, Neolithic tools from, 68; Roman Wares at, 151; Rouletted Ware from, 68 Sanganakallu, 2, 45, 67, 124, 125, 165, 170, 291; animal remains from, 47; artefacts from, 27; bamboo-screen walls at, 66; brown-and-black ware at, 67; ¹⁴ C dates for, 67; cattle bones at, 2; cattle figurines at, 338; ceramic tradition in, 106; dating of, 170; Mesolithic site at, 37; Neolithic industry at, 333; Neolithic pottery at, 227; pulses and oilseeds at, 319; stone industry from, 37; terracotta bulls and birds from, 67; tool types at, 68 Sanghao caves, 27, 29 Sanghol, 91; archaeological data from, 151; Bara Ware at, 228; early historical remains at, 133; faience objects at, 321; fortified construction at, 152; Harappa culture at, 90; late Harappa beads at, 331; moats at, 298; oven at, 183; terracotta flat tablets from, 190; votive tanks at, 277 Sankalia, H.D., 17, 23, 25, 26, 29, 51, 75, 184, 185, 188, 239, 269, 277, 297, 309, 316, 333, 338, 354, 363, 364 Sankaram, animal figurines at, 339; clay tablets at, 163 Sankavaram, sarcophagus from, 275; terracotta sarcophagi from, 112 *Saṅkha* scripts, 283 Sankisa, monastic establishments at, 299; mother goddess in stone disc at, 268; settlements at, 289 Sannathi, brick-built complex at, 300;

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*stūpas* and *caityas* at, 149, 150 Santal Danga, black-and-red ware at, 237 Santal Parganas, 58 Santhals, 74 Sanur, animal figurines at, 339; bronze objects at, 111; clay animal figurines from, 339; fish-hooks from, 176; graffito-marked pottery from, 359; iron axes from, 177; iron knives at, 181; iron nails at, 183; iron sickles at, 187; pottery at, 359; sarcophagus at, 275; thermoluminescence dates of Megalithic material, 175 Sapalli-Tepe, copper handled mirror at, 347 Sarada, 367 Saradkel, Asura sites at 293; fortification wall at, 142; iron implements at, 319; iron ploughshare at, 184, 379; iron slag from, 328; pottery at, 293; terracotta disc at, 179 Sarafi, 367 Sarai Khola, 79, 88; cultural deposit at, 77; pottery at, 46 Sarai Mohana, gamesmen from, 179; ovens at, 184 Sarai Nahar Rai, 287; animal remains from, 37; burial at, 41, 265; ¹⁴ C dated time-spreads of, 170; hunting of elephant at, 41; Mesolithic site at, 37; oblong floor at, 41; ovens from, 183; remains of tortoise at, 41 Saran, B., 241 Sarangpur, Bara Ware at, 228 Sarania Hills, 158 Sarasvati, 73, 108, 109, 132, 214; dried-up beds of, 70, 77; flood plains of, 289; historical settlement in, 290 Sarasvati valley, 198, 241; black-and-red ware in, 94; faience objects at, 321; settlement in, 90, 290; Sothi/Kalibangan relics in, 71 sarcophagus/sarcophagi, 112, 114, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 275 Sardargarh, Black-slipped Ware at, 240; PGW at, 241; perforated globular vessels at, 188, 189;

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spouted pots and handled vases from, 188 Sargo (Dt Purulia), tools from, 56 Sargonid period, trade, 87 Sarkar, S.S., 317, 318 Sarnath, 14, 133, 299, 300; archaeological date from, 152; Buddha image from, 152; Dharmarajika *stūpa* at, 270, 299; evidence of stitched garments from, 183; monastic complex at, 134, 152, 153; NBPW at, 251; sculptural remains at, 183 Sarthaualı, battle-axe from, 352; copper axes from, 176; harpoons from, 350; hatchet or *paraśu* from, 352; spearhead from, 351 Sarutaru (Dt Kamrup), Neolithic pottery at, 225, 226; stone tools and pottery from, 59 Sarvadeva temple, 298 Sassanian coins (silver), 145 *Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa*, 202, 219, 264, 294 Sātavāhana period, bone arrowheads, 354; bronze bowls of, 188; coins, 132, 145, 149, 151, 165, 171, 259; daggers and knives in, 355; evidence of flood in, 203; glass from, 221; iron chisels from, 178; ivory comb in, 346; kitchens of, 184; mirror and mirror-case in, 348; sea-borne trade of, 149; terracotta pendants in, 223; tiles in, 296; vessels from, 188 Sātavāhana-Kṣatrapa levels, copper bells in, 177 Satdhara, steatite relic casket of, 272 Sathod, rural establishment at, 138 Satī stones, 269-70, 341 Satmas, cairns at, 118 Satpuras (the), 53, 121; Mesolithic settlements in, 39; rock-shelters at, 39 Satrunjaya, Jaina establishment at, 301 Satsangi, P.P., 309 Saurashtra, 19, 27, 43, 91, 95, 207, 209, 212, 215, 231; Harappa culture 97; miliolites of, 208; *Oryza* (rice) at, 6; south, 192 Savalda, culture, 96, 104;

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pottery, 293; Ware, 73, 103, 106, 240 Savandurg, graffito-marked pottery from, 259; port-holed dolmens near, 112 saw(s), 85, 186, 240, 324, 334 Sawyerpuram, red pottery from, 145 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), 334 scarlet ware (Iraq), 76, 167 *Schizothorax*, 307 scoops, 35 scraper(s), 35, 36, 37, 41, 45, 46, 51, 52, 54, 58, 66, 100, 101, 121, 198, 200, 201, 212, 285, 299, 309, 310, 331, 334 scripts, 361-70; Brāhmī characters, 365; Indus, 85; Shan characters, 368 scythes, 319 Scytho-Iranian, 123, 126, 317 sea level, 215 seal(s), 1, 2, 12, 14, 79, 86, 89, 104, 116, 138, 155, 167, 172, 196, 222, 231, 331; animal, 128; clay button, 76; early British characters, 171; *Gosahatikas*, 173; Indus, 69, 84, 85, 87, 166, 261; ivory, 173; Jarayadeva, 173; Mālavas, 15; Mesopotamian sites, 14; Mohenjo-daro, 350; Paśupati, 364; *Pattilasa*, 173; Persian Gulf, 69, 331; pre-Kushan, 14; steatite, 73, 91, 362; stone disc, 76; terracotta, 174; Yaudheyas, 15 seal(s) and sealing(s), 14-15, 84, 89, 152, 264-65; terracotta, 360 sealing(s), 138, 153, 160, 171, 172, 173, 174, 196; clay, 141, 142, 157; monastic, 173; terracotta, 143, 145, 335