[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989) › v1.c9.s17.116 # An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v1.c9.s17.116 An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v1.c9.s17.116 - **Language:** English ### [v1.c9.s17.116](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c9.s17.116) (2) ‘Umbrella’ stone or \*ṭopi-kallu\*: An ‘umbrella’ stone consists of a low lateritic cone with a wide circular flat base resting on four quadrantal clinostats joining up into a square below the balanced cone. The clinostats are bevelled on the outside, and each one of them faces a cardinal point. Seen from a distance an ‘umbrella’ stone looks like a giant mushroom topping a stem of truncated paraboloidal shape. Presumably the structure is erected over an urn burial. ARIYANNUR, CHERAMANANGAD and PORKALAM are known for their ‘umbrella’ stones. Locally they are known as \*ṭopi-kallus\*, which was originally rendered into English as ‘hatstone’, from \*ṭopī\* meaning cap or hat. - [Previous: v1.c9.s17.115](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c9.s17.115) - [Next: v1.c9.s17.117](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c9.s17.117) - [Up: v1.c9.s17](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c9.s17) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c9.s17.116](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c9.s17.116) · Pramāṇa