[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989) › v1.c9.s9.12 # An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v1.c9.s9.12 An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v1.c9.s9.12 - **Language:** English ### [v1.c9.s9.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c9.s9.12) Harappa has suffered a great deal at the hands of brick-robbers. It has nevertheless added quite a few things to our knowledge. About the layout of the 'Lower Town' nothing can be said, since most of it has suffered spoliation and even the extant part has not been excavated. But of the 'Citadel', the defences have been excavated in much greater detail than those at Mohenjo-daro. The fortification wall forms a rough parallelogram on plan, covering an overall area of about 425 m from n. to s. and about 200 m from w. to e. A section cut across the wall on the w. side showed that it was made of mud bricks and measured about 13 m in width at the base, tapering upwards both at the front and the back. On the exterior it was provided with a burnt-brick revetment, also tapering. There were burnt-brick towers at the corners and at other places as well. Entry into the Citadel was had through two gates, one each on the n. and the w. Unfortunately little is known of the buildings inside the Citadel, since not much area has been excavated therein. All that can be said is that these buildings stood on mud-brick platforms as revealed by the trench across the defences, which was only slightly carried inwards. - [Previous: v1.c9.s9.11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c9.s9.11) - [Next: v1.c9.s9.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c9.s9.13) - [Up: v1.c9.s9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c9.s9) ## Linked texts (2) - [Harappā](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.harappa) - [Mohenjo-daro](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.mohenjo-daro) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c9.s9.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v1.c9.s9.12) · Pramāṇa