[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989) › v2.c34.141 # An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v2.c34.141 An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v2.c34.141 - **Language:** English ### [v2.c34.141](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c34.141) \*\*Ghaggar valley.\*\* The river Ghaggar rising from the Simla Hills near Dagshai and passing by Sirmaur debouches into the plains near Kalka in Dt Ambala. In its downward course it passes through Dts Patiala, Sangrur, Bhatinda, Hissar and Sirsa. Today it is joined by the Tangri, Markanda and Sarasvatī from the e. and the Patiala and Sirhind from the w. Down Ottu in Dt Sirsa its course widens and is well demarcated. It perhaps represents a continuation of the Rangoi bed (the old dry bed of the Sarasvatī) which anciently joined the Ghaggar near Ottu. The lower joint course of the dry Ghaggar and the Sarasvatī, now generally known as the Ghaggar but perhaps anciently as the SARASVATĪ, passes in Rajasthan by HANUMANGARH (29°35'; 74°21'), and KALIBANGAN to Suratgarh (29°19'; 73°57'), 5 km above which it is joined by another dry bed from the e., identified with the ancient DṚṢADVATĪ (Chautang). Further w. near Anupgarh (29°7'; 73°60') near the Pakistan border it is joined by the dry bed of the Naiwala from the n. Thus the valleys of the Sarasvatī or Ghaggar practically drains the entire \*malwa\* tract of Punjab and the \*bangar\* and \*bagar\* tracts of Haryana. Beyond the Indian border the river is represented by the dry bed of the Hakra or Wahind and of e. Nara in Sind flowing s.-w. into the Rann of Kutch. - [Previous: v2.c34.140](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c34.140) - [Next: v2.c34.142](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c34.142) - [Up: v2.c34](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c34) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c34.141](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c34.141) · Pramāṇa