[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989) › v2.c34.295 # An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v2.c34.295 An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v2.c34.295 - **Language:** English ### [v2.c34.295](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c34.295) Culturally the Godavari basin is as rich as that of the c. NARMADA. A large number of archaeological sites ranging in age from the Stone Age to the historical periods have been discovered. The Chalcolithic \[4.14.6\] site of APEGAON has been dated to about 3500 years B.P. GANGAPUR represents an advanced Acheulian semi-primary channel-occupation site which is situated near a small waterfall on the Godavari near Nasik. The Lower Palaeolithic \[4.2\] tools found in the excavation of a gravel (1 to 2 m above the bed level) are represented by cleavers, flakes, scrapers, cores, etc., made on locally available basalt and dolerite. The tools are fresh but weathered. Important Middle Palaeolithic \[4.3\] sites are NANDUR MADHMESHWAR, PAITHAN, RAKSHAS BHUVAN (19°22'; 75°37'), SHANKATIRTH (19°22'; 75°37'), GANGAKHED (18°59'; 76°45'), RAHEGAON (19°24'; 75°27'), and KIWALA (19°3'; 77°17'). The site of KIWALA is an open-air factory site near the source of Inter-trapean chert beds. The entire adjoining area is littered with the tools at all stages of manufacture. The tool kit comprises varieties of scrapers, points, borers and flakes made on locally available green chert and other multicoloured varieties of chalcedony. The workshop site of the Upper Palaeolithic industry \[4.4\] represented by blades, scrapers and burins occur near the source of grey chert at BHOKAR (19°14'; 77°40'). Within the Godavari basin tools consisting of varieties of scrapers, points, borers, retouched flakes, small choppers and a few blades and cores are found in the sandy pebbly gravels occurring as lenticular patches in the brownish silt at elevations 15 to 20 m above the modern bed. Such stratified sites at GANGAPUR and NANDUR MADHMESHWAR are being studied for understanding the Terminal Pleistocene or Early Holocene \[9.8.4\] Stone Age culture of the upper Godavari. - [Previous: v2.c34.294](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c34.294) - [Next: v2.c34.296](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c34.296) - [Up: v2.c34](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c34) ## Cites (5) - [Apegaon](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.apegaon) - [Gangakhed](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.gangakhed) - [Rahegaon](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.rahegaon) - [Bhokar](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.bhokar) - [Kivala](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.kivala) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c34.295](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c34.295) · Pramāṇa