[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989) › v2.c42.681 # An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v2.c42.681 An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v2.c42.681 - **Language:** English ### [v2.c42.681](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c42.681) Pd II (\*c.\* 700-100 B.C. with a margin on the earlier side), following after a time-gap, heralds the Iron Age, Stone implements like blades and microliths are replaced by tools of iron. The use of copper also becomes more common, though remaining subordinate to that of iron. Three principal ceramic industries, each marked by innovation in pottery tradition, are current during this Pd: the Black-and-red Ware \[11.15.3\]; the NBPW \[11.16\]; and other plain wares. Of these the former two are of special chronological importance. The NBPW of which only ten sherds have been found seems to have reached the site only towards the close of the Pd, possibly in the wake of an organized Mauryan expansion in \*c.\* 3rd century B.C. The other finds of the Pd include: beads of various materials; bangles of shell and glass; terracotta caskets and hypothetical head-scratchers (boat-shaped hollow, semi-circular or parabolic objects, sometimes compartmented, and having a hole at the vertex); an ivory comb \[8.3\]; bone styli \[20.5\] and a perfume casket \[18.2\]; the familiar pulley-shaped ear ornament \[10.3.3\] of jasper and crystal; and two badly corroded and defaced punch-marked coins \[3.1\]. - [Previous: v2.c42.680](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c42.680) - [Next: v2.c42.682](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c42.682) - [Up: v2.c42](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c42) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c42.681](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c42.681) · Pramāṇa