[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989) › v2.c44.490 # An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v2.c44.490 An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v2.c44.490 - **Language:** English ### [v2.c44.490](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c44.490) \*Pd IV\*. The beginnings of Pd IV are identified more easily by the terracotta art forms than by new fabrics and types in pottery, although these do exist. The long span of Pd IV, from c. 200 B.C. to A.D. 700, is divided into four Sub-pds corresponding roughly to the rule of the Śuṅgas (IV A), Śaka-Kushans (IV B), Guptas (IV C) and the post-Guptas (IV D). Nude \*yakṣa\* figures with cherubic expression and wearing rich ornaments and beautifully modelled figures of \*yakṣīs\* standing under trees are among the terracotta cult images of the the Śuṅga period. Plain red ware and some grey ware are typical of Pd IV A. The pear-shaped vase with rim section approximating to a vertical lozenge and pitcher with fluted neck and out-turned rim are among the popular ceramic types. Potter stamped with motifs like \*svastika\*, \*nandipada\*, \*tri-ratna\*, human figure, fish, conch, etc., appears but becomes more prolific in the succeeding Sub-pd. - [Previous: v2.c44.489](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c44.489) - [Next: v2.c44.491](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c44.491) - [Up: v2.c44](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c44) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c44.490](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c44.490) · Pramāṇa