[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989) › v2.c45.293 # An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v2.c45.293 An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v2.c45.293 - **Language:** English ### [v2.c45.293](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c45.293) The rise and fall of the cultures in the valley can be closely related to the vicissitudes of the flow of water in the river. Thus the PGW sites are generally small and are sometimes situated in the river bed itself, indicating a scanty flow of the river water. A large Harappa site like KALIBANGAN regarded as one of the metropolises of the Harappa culture could not have flourished without a steady and assured supply of river water. At the end of the scale come the large and prosperous RANG MAHAL sites which could only thrive with sufficient water. And thereafter came a prolonged dryness relieved only in very recent days by canals. A steady flow, then a desiccation, later on a resuscitation and then utter dryness of the river are clearly indicated by archaeological evidence. - [Previous: v2.c45.292](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c45.292) - [Next: v2.c45.294](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c45.294) - [Up: v2.c45](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c45) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c45.293](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.ghosh-1989.v2.c45.293) · Pramāṇa