[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [Vedic Index of Names and Subjects](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912) › v1.c3.s1.199 # Vedic Index of Names and Subjects v1.c3.s1.199 Vedic Index of Names and Subjects v1.c3.s1.199 - **Language:** English ### [v1.c3.s1.199](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s1.199) Ārtava.—This expression denotes a portion of the year consisting of more seasons than one. But it does not bear the exact sense of ‘half-year,’ as suggested by Zimmer.¹ This is shown by the fact that it occurs regularly in the plural, not in the dual. In the Atharvaveda it occurs between seasons and years (\*hāyana\*),² but also in the combinations, ‘seasons, Ārtavas, months, years’;³ ‘half-months, months, Ārtavas, seasons’;⁴ ‘seasons, Ārtavas, months, half-months, days and nights, day’;⁵ and in the Vājasaneyi Saṃhitā ‘months, seasons, Ārtavas, the year,’⁶ or simply with the seasons.⁷ - [Previous: v1.c3.s1.198](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s1.198) - [Next: v1.c3.s1.200](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s1.200) - [Up: v1.c3.s1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s1) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s1.199](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s1.199) · Pramāṇa