[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [Vedic Index of Names and Subjects](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912) › v1.c3.s12.313 # Vedic Index of Names and Subjects v1.c3.s12.313 Vedic Index of Names and Subjects v1.c3.s12.313 - **Language:** English ### [v1.c3.s12.313](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s12.313) While grazing the cattle were under the care of a herdsman (Gopā, Gopāla) armed with a goad,⁹ but they were liable to all sorts of dangers, such as being lost, falling into pits, breaking limbs,¹⁰ and being stolen. The marking of the ears of cattle was repeatedly adopted, no doubt, to indicate ownership.¹¹ - [Previous: v1.c3.s12.312](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s12.312) - [Next: v1.c3.s12.314](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s12.314) - [Up: v1.c3.s12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s12) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s12.313](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s12.313) · Pramāṇa