[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [Vedic Index of Names and Subjects](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912) › v1.c3.s12.329 # Vedic Index of Names and Subjects v1.c3.s12.329 Vedic Index of Names and Subjects v1.c3.s12.329 - **Language:** English ### [v1.c3.s12.329](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s12.329) Oxen were regularly used for ploughing or for drawing wagons (anaḍvāh), in which case they were, it seems, usually castrated.²² Cows were not properly used for drawing carts, though they at times did so.²³ The flesh of both cows and bulls was sometimes eaten (Māmsa). Cattle were certainly the objects of individual ownership, and they formed one of the standards of exchange and valuation (see Kraya). - [Previous: v1.c3.s12.328](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s12.328) - [Next: v1.c3.s12.330](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s12.330) - [Up: v1.c3.s12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s12) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s12.329](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s12.329) · Pramāṇa